From: Harm perception among Swedish daily smokers regarding nicotine, NRT-products and Swedish Snus
 | Long term use of nicotine from patches or gums is almost as harmful to health as smoking. | Snus use is almost as harmful to the health as smoking. | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Predictors | p-value | OR | 95% C.I. | p-value | OR | 95% C.I. |
Perception of nicotine's part of the health risks in smoking | ||||||
   None or very small part (ref) |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |
   Relatively small part | 0.01 | 0.48 | 0.29-0.80 | 0.00 | 0.44 | 0.26-0.75 |
   Relatively large part | 0.00 | 0.20 | 0.12-0.35 | 0.00 | 0.30 | 0.17-0.54 |
   Very large part or all | 0.00 | 0.25 | 0.14-0.43 | 0.00 | 0.33 | 0.18-0.61 |
Birth decade | ||||||
   80 s (ref) |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |
   70s | 0.17 | 0.70 | 0.43-1.16 | 0.29 | 0.75 | 0.44-1.28 |
   60s | 0.97 | 0.99 | 0.63-1.56 | 0.52 | 0.85 | 0.52-1.39 |
   50s | 0.46 | 1.19 | 0.76-1.86 | 0.10 | 0.65 | 0.39-1.08 |
Education level | ||||||
   Low (ref) |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |
   High | 0.00 | 1.88 | 1.34-2.64 | 0.19 | 1.30 | 0.88-1.93 |
Sex | ||||||
   Women (ref) |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |
   Men | 0.22 | 1.23 | 0.89-1.70 | 0.05 | 1.43 | 0.10-2.07 |
Desire to quit smoking | ||||||
   No desire (ref) |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |
   Some desire | 0.80 | 0.92 | 0.47-1.80 | 0.60 | 1.23 | 0.57-2.65 |
   Strong desire | 0.93 | 1.03 | 0.51-2.09 | 0.80 | 0.90 | 0.40-2.03 |
Place of residence | ||||||
   Rural areas (ref) |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |
   Small city 4'-30' | 0.16 | 1.37 | 0.88-2.13 | 0.31 | 0.76 | 0.45-1.29 |
   Large city >30' | 0.90 | 1.03 | 0.66-1.62 | 0.55 | 1.17 | 0.70-1.96 |
   Main city | 0.03 | 1.65 | 1.05-2.57 | 0.47 | 1.21 | 0.72-2.02 |
Time to first cigarette (after waking up) | ||||||
   >30 minutes (ref) |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |
   6-30 minutes | 0.68 | 1.07 | 0.77-1.50 | 0.03 | 1.57 | 1.05-2.35 |
   > 5 minutes | 0.76 | 1.07 | 0.68-1.70 | 0.01 | 2.03 | 1.20-3.42 |
Previous use of NRT and benefits thereof in attempts to quit smoking | ||||||
   Not used (ref) |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |
   Used, none or modest benefit | 0.70 | 1.08 | 0.74-1.55 | 0.02 | 0.61 | 0.40-0.94 |
   Used, quite a large benefit or helped completely | 0.01 | 1.71 | 1.14-2.57 | 0.17 | 0.72 | 0.45-1.15 |
Previous use of Snus and benefits thereof in attempts to quit smoking | ||||||
   Not used (ref) |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |
   Used, none or modest benefit | 0.37 | 0.81 | 0.51-1.28 | 0.00 | 3.11 | 1.92-5.04 |
   Used, quite a large benefit or helped completely | 0.95 | 1.01 | 0.67-1.53 | 0.00 | 3.88 | 2.50-6.01 |
Proximity to people that have used NRT in attempts to quit smoking | ||||||
   No proximity (ref) |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |
   Proximity to unsuccessful attempts | 0.45 | 1.17 | 0.78-1.76 | 0.68 | 1.10 | 0.69-1.77 |
   Proximity to successful attempts | 0.76 | 1.07 | 0.70-1.63 | 0.74 | 1.09 | 0.66-1.79 |
Proximity to people that have used Snus in attempts to quit smoking | ||||||
   No proximity (ref) |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |
   Proximity to unsuccessful attempts | 0.37 | 1.22 | 0.79-1.87 | 0.38 | 0.80 | 0.48-1.33 |
   Proximity to successful attempts | 0.01 | 1.60 | 1.11-2.32 | 0.39 | 1.20 | 0.79-1.85 |