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Effectiveness of the Tobacco Tactics program in the Department of Veterans Affairs

Background

Smoking cessation interventions during hospitalization have been shown to be efficacious, yet are rarely incorporated into practice. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Tobacco Tactics program in three Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals.

Materials and methods

In this quasi-experimental pre- post- comparison effectiveness trial, inpatient nurses were educated to provide the Tobacco Tactics intervention in the Ann Arbor, MI and Detroit, MI VA hospitals, while the Indianapolis, IN VA hospital was the control site (N=1,070). The Tobacco Tactics nurse toolkit included: 1) one contact hour for training; 2) a PowerPoint presentation on behavioral and pharmaceutical interventions; 3) a pocket card “Helping Smokers Quit: A Guide for Clinicians”; 4) pharmaceutical and behavioral protocols; and 5) a computerized template for nurse documentation. The patient toolkit included: 1) a brochure; 2) a videotape “Smoking: Getting Ready to Quit;” 3) a Tobacco Tactics manual; 4) pharmaceuticals; 5) a 1-800-QUIT-NOW help line card; and 6) post-discharge telephone calls. Smoking patients were surveyed in the hospital and again six-months post-discharge. Urinary cotinine tests were used to verify six-month smoking status.

Results

The average age was 55.3 years, most were male (94%) and not married (76%). After adjustment for the propensity of being assigned to treatment condition, there were significant improvements in 6-month quit rates in the pre- to post-intervention time periods in Ann Arbor (p=0.004) and Detroit (p<0.001) compared to the Indianapolis control site. The intervention was particularly effective in Detroit where pre-intervention quit rates were 4% compared to 13% post-intervention.

Conclusions

This study showed that training staff nurses to integrate smoking cessation services into their routine care may increase quit rates. The Tobacco Tactics program, which meets the newly released (2011) Joint Commission standards that apply to all inpatient smokers, has the potential to significantly decrease smoking among patients admitted to VA hospitals.

Acknowledgements

Funding was supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs Service Directed Project (SDP 06-003).

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Correspondence to Sonia A Duffy.

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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Duffy, S.A., Ronis, D., Karvonen-Gutierrez, C.A. et al. Effectiveness of the Tobacco Tactics program in the Department of Veterans Affairs. Tob. Induced Dis. 12 (Suppl 1), A12 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1617-9625-12-S1-A12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1617-9625-12-S1-A12

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