Table 2 Withdrawal symptoms versus abstinence. Presenting percentage and proportion reporting to be abstinent. (N = 741)
Symptoms | Low intensity | High intensity(ref) | OR 95%CI# |
|---|---|---|---|
Craving | 49% (207/421) | 32% (103/320) | 2.0 1.5–2.8* |
Irritability | 45% (163/362) | 39% (147/379) | 1.3 1.0–1.7* |
Apprehension/Anxiety | 47% (177/375) | 36% (133/366) | 1.6 1.2–2.1* |
Restlessness | 49% (142/291) | 37% (168/450) | 1.6 1.2–2.2* |
Difficulties concentrating | 46% (175/384) | 38% (135/357) | 1.4 1.0–1.8* |
Depression/depressed mood | 48% (196/412) | 35% (114/329) | 1.7 1.3–2.3* |
Headache | 40% (182/450) | 44% (128/291) | 0.9 0.6–1.2 |
Insomnia | 45% (155/341) | 39% (155/400) | 1.3 1.0–1.8* |
Sleepiness/drowsiness | 41% (186/450) | 43% (124/291) | 0.9 0.7–1.3 |
Nightmares | 42% (222/526) | 41% (88/215) | 1.1 0.8–1.5 |
Dizziness | 42% (206/493) | 42% (104/248) | 1.0 0.7–1.4 |
Mouth ulcers | 40% (238/601) | 51% (72/140) | 0.6 0.4–0.9* |
Sweating | 42% (180/429) | 42% (130/312) | 1.0 0.8–1.4 |
Muscular pain | 41% (233/562) | 43% (77/179) | 0.9 0.7–1.3 |
Cramps | 41% (269/650) | 45% (41/91) | 0.9 0.6–1.3 |
Constipation | 43% (222/519) | 40% (88/222) | 1.1 0.8–1.6 |
Other stomach trouble | 41% (227/558) | 45% (83/183) | 0.8 0.6–1.2 |