Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study population by current smoking habit
Parameter | Non-smoker (n = 58) | Smoker (n = 58) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, yr | 59 ± 12 | 59 ± 10 | 0.91 |
Sex, male (%) | 50 (86 %) | 50 (86 %) | 1.00 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26.3 ± 4.4 | 26.2 ± 4.5 | 0.88 |
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 131 ± 14 | 131 ± 11 | 0.80 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 77 ± 11 | 79 ± 10 | 0.43 |
Antihypertensive drugs, n (%) | 33 (57 %) | 43 (74 %) | 0.05 |
Glucose, mg/dL | 149 ± 62 | 139 ± 42 | 0.29 |
Hemoglobin A1c, % | 7.2 ± 1.0 | 7.6 ± 1.0 | 0.045* |
Insulin injection, n (%) | 15 (26 %) | 14 (24 %) | 0.83 |
Retinopathy, n (%) | 18 (31 %) | 23 (40 %) | 0.33 |
Neuropathy, n (%) | 24 (41 %) | 36 (62 %) | 0.03* |
Nephropathy, n (%) | 19 (33 %) | 25 (43 %) | 0.25 |
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 97 ± 31 | 95 ± 33 | 0.73 |
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 60 ± 17 | 55 ± 16 | 0.13 |
Triglycerides, mg/dL | 114 (73–160) | 125 (91–173) | 0.19 |
Statin drugs, n (%) | 21 (36 %) | 22 (38 %) | 0.85 |
AA, μg/mL | 173 (151–212) | 181 (152–234) | 0.49 |
EPA, μg/mL | 60 (41–96) | 52 (36–86) | 0.28 |
EPA/AA ratio | 0.37 (0.23–0.56) | 0.29 (0.19–0.42) | 0.08 |
Ankle-brachial index | 1.14 ± 0.07 | 1.11 ± 0.09 | 0.07 |