Table 2 Clinical characteristics of the study population by ABI (<1.1 and ≥ 1.1)

Age, yr

56 ± 14

60 ± 11

0.21

58 ± 10

60 ± 11

0.61

Sex, male (%)

15 (88 %)

35 (85 %)

0.77

22 (85 %)

28 (88 %)

0.75

Body mass index, kg/m²

26.5 ± 5.6

26.2 ± 3.9

0.77

25.5 ± 3.8

26.7 ± 5.0

0.31

Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg

133 ± 17

130 ± 13

0.45

131 ± 10

132 ± 12

0.77

Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg

80 ± 13

76 ± 10

0.22

79 ± 9

78 ± 10

0.76

Antihypertensive drugs, n (%)

12 (71 %)

21 (51 %)

0.18

20 (77 %)

23 (72 %)

0.66

Glucose, mg/dL

157 ± 39

146 ± 70

0.55

137 ± 42

140 ± 43

0.74

Hemoglobin A1c, %

7.7 ± 1.2

7.0 ± 0.8

0.01*

7.6 ± 1.0

7.5 ± 1.0

0.82

Insulin injection, n (%)

7 (41 %)

8 (20 %)

0.09

3 (12 %)

11 (34 %)

0.06

Retinopathy, n (%)

6 (35 %)

12 (29 %)

0.65

9 (35 %)

14 (44 %)

0.48

Neuropathy, n (%)

10 (59 %)

14 (34 %)

0.08

10 (38 %)

15 (47 %)

0.52

Nephropathy, n (%)

5 (29 %)

14 (34 %)

0.73

16 (62 %)

20 (63 %)

0.94

LDL cholesterol, mg/dL

96 ± 38

97 ± 28

0.88

95 ± 39

94 ± 28

0.95

HDL cholesterol, mg/dL

61 ± 18

59 ± 16

0.68

52 ± 14

57 ± 18

0.23

Triglycerides, mg/dL

127 (79–217)

107 (69–144)

0.18

139 (116–233)

118 (83–159)

0.09

Statin drugs, n (%)

6 (35 %)

15 (37 %)

0.93

13 (50 %)

9 (28 %)

0.09

AA, μg/mL

176 (144–214)

173 (150–210)

0.51

191 (158–244)

180 (134–227)

0.18

EPA, μg/mL

64 (46–114)

60 (41–97)

0.26

49 (33–69)

68 (41–96)

0.07

EPA/AA ratio

0.44 (0.21–0.75)

0.37 (0.23–0.55)

0.56

0.25 (0.16–0.40)

0.34 (0.20–0.69)

0.03*

Ankle-brachial index

1.06 ± 0.04

1.17 ± 0.05

<0.01**

1.03 ± 0.06

1.18 ± 0.05

<0.01**