Table 12 Significant univariate predictors considered across all studies grouped by type

   Non-white – 1 study

   Higher grades – 2 studies

   Higher socioeconomic status – 1 study

   Got married – 2 studies

   Male gender – 2 studies, female gender – 1 study

   Parental support – 2 studies

Higher parental expectancies for child – 1 study

Behavior-related

   Less allowance – 1 study

   Low intention to smoke in future – 6 studies

   Less leisure time – 1 study

   Lower pretest smoking – 6 studies

   Less strict peers – 1 study

   Less smoking experience – 6 studies

   Network values agreement – 1 study

   Lower alcohol use – 1 study

   Less parental education – 1 study

   Better diet – 1 study

   "Not want to quit now" – 1 study

Psychology

   Less depressed – 1 study

Beliefs/attitudes toward smoking

   Less perceived stress – 1 study

   Self-concern – 1 study greater, 1 lower

   Higher morality/social control of tobacco use – 3 studies

   Stereotypes of smokers thwarted – 2 studies

   Negative outcome expectancies of use – 2 studies

Perceived social

   Disapprove of others smoking – 2 studies

   Positive program outcome expectancies – 1 study

   Fewer friends smoke – 12 studies

   No parent/sibling smoking – 4 studies

   Lower social acceptability – 2 studies

Lifestyle perceptions

   Spouse is a non-smoker – 2 studies

   High importance on health as a value – 2 studies

   Parent don't like smoking – 1 study

   High sense of coherence – 1 study

   Fewer offers to smoke – 1 study

   Perceived lifestyle incongruence – 1 study

Life skills

   Greater refusal assertion skill – 2 studies

   Higher self-esteem – 1 study

   Better decision making skills – 1 study

   Better stress management skills – 1 study