Table 6 Cessation studies-outcomes
Investigators | % quit at posttest (Attended first session) | Mean reduction at posttest (Non-quitters/attended first session) | Length of follow-up | % quit at follow-up (Attended first session) | Mean reduction at follow-up (Non-quitters/attended first session) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ary et al. | NR | NR | 12 months | 35% – program 31% – control | 31% |
Aveyard et al. | NR | NR | 5 months (1 year after pretest) | 20% – transtheoretical program 20% – control | NR |
Baskerville, Hotte, Dunkley | 22% – Quit-and-Win participants 6% – intervention schools 5% – control schools | NR | 6 months | 2% – Quit-and Win participants NR – intervention or control schools | NR |
Bauman et al. | NA | NA | 1 year | 31% – family program 22% – control (not significant) | NR |
Beaglehole et al. | NR | NR | ~3 months | 1% increase-program 1% decrease-control | NR |
Biener et al. | NA | NA | ~1 year | 0% | NR – 29% decrease overall |
Chakravorty | 13% – both conditions | NR | NA | NA | NA |
Charlton | NR | NR | 6 months | 17% – clinic course 10% – individual package (control) | NR |
Cinnomin, Sussman | NR | NR | 1 month | 17% – cognitive-behavioral/social influence 0% – chemical addiction | 42% – cognitive-behavioral/social influence 5% – chemical addiction |
Colby et al. | NR | NR | 3 months | 20% – motivation interviewing 10% – brief advice | 10% – both conditions |
Coleman-Wallace et al. | 12% – TEG 15% – TAP 0% – control (small n) | 18% – TEG 24% – TAP 0% – control | NA | NA | NA |
Corby et al. | 100% | NA | 3 weeks | 0% | 0% |
Digiusto | 8% – both program conditions | NR | 3–4 months | 14% – both program 7% control | NR |
Dino et al. | 17% – NOT, 8% brief intervention | 59% – NOT, 42% – brief intervention | 5 months | 10% – NOT 7% – brief intervention | 57% – NOT, 51% – brief intervention |
Eakin, Severson, Glasgow | 28% | 77% | 6 months | 12% | 45% |
Etter, Ronchi, Perneger | NA | NA | 7 months after baseline | 0% – both program and control conditions | 3% increase in program, 5% increase in control |
Fibkins | 19% | ~30% | NA | NA | NA |
Forster et al. | NA | NA | 36 months | 2% increase program 7% increase control | 6% relative reduction |
Glasgow et al. | NR | NR | 6 months | 10% program 6% control | NR |
Glover | 2% | NR | 6 months | 2% | NR |
Goldberg, Gorn | 20% | NR | 3 months | 11% | NR |
Greenberg, Deputat | 40% – fear 27% – facts 36% – values 6% – control | NR | 5 months | 12% – fear 16% – facts 24% – values 4% – control | NR |
Hafstad, Aaro, Langmark | NR | NR | 2 weeks (5 weeks since start of campaign) | 12% | NR |
Horn et al. | 14% – NOT, 4% brief intervention | 76% – NOT, 54%-brief intervention | NA | NA | NA |
Horswell, Horton | ~6% – Pack In Those Smokes (PITS) 0% – control | 63% – PITS 0% – control | 6 months | ~6% – PITS 0% – control | 46% – PITS 0% – control |
Hotte et al. | 8% – group 2% – kit-only | 7% – group 3% – kit-only | 6 months | 4% – group NA – kit-only | 4% – group NA – kit-only |
Hurt et al. | 11% | ~49% | 6 months | 5% | ~19% |
Jason, Mollica, Ferrone | 55% – both program groups 0% – control group | 14% – both program groups 50% – control | 17 months | 41% – both program groups 0% – control | 0% – both program groups 400% increase-control |
Jerome | 29% | 41% | NA | NA | NA |
Johnson et al. | 0% for all groups | NR | 24 months | 0% for all groups | NR |
Kempf, Stanley | NA | NA | 2 weeks | NR – "as-if" 100% in smoke-free program but not stated 4% – program | NR |
Killen et al. | NR | NR | 2 months | 9% – control | NR |
Lampkin | NR | NR | ~5 months | 14% | 18% |
Librett | 17% | 39% | NA | NA | NA |
Lotecka, McWhinney | NR | 64% – coping 0% – information (control) | NA | NA | NA |
Matson-Koffman, Miller | NR | NR | 12 months | 16% | ~12% |
McDonald, Roberts, Deeschaemaker | 16% | 61% | NA | NA | NA |
Mills, Ewy, Dizon | 15% (all were senior high youth) | 8% | 3 months | 7% | 7% |
Murray, Prokhorov, Harty | 2.3% – program State 0.1% increase-control State; difference not significant | NR | NA | NA | NA |
Myers, Brown | NR | NR | 24 months | 5% | 19% |
Myers, Brown, Kelly | NR | NR | 3 months | 17% | ~60% |
Pallonen | ~20% | NR | 6 months | 6% | NR |
Patten et al. | 18% | NR | mean of 64 months | 12% | ~18% |
Patterson | 14% – last 48 hours | NR | 3 months | 14% | NR |
Pendell | 14% across TEG and TAP | 50% across TEG and TAP | NA | NA | NA |
Perry et al. | NR | NR | 4 months | 5.7% quit (below monthly use) in program condition 4.1% increase in control condition | NR |
Perry et al. | NR | NR | 1–2 months | 23% across conditions (27% – long-term health, 17% – social consequences, 29% – immediate effects, not significant differences, small n) | 7% – long-term health, increased 16% – social consequences, 17% – immediate effects (not significant) |
Peters | 17% at 6 months | NR | 12 months | 15% | NR |
Peterson, Clark | 0% program and control groups | NR | 1 month | 0% program and control groups | 44% discussion group 9% control |
Popham et al. | NR | NR | 12 months | 2% – 1% difference as a function of exposure | NR |
Prince | 16% | 42% | 1 month | 16% | 42% |
Quinlan, McCaul | NA | NA | 1 month | 3% – stage matched 14% – stage mismatched 0% – control | NR |
Rigotti et al. | 0% – program 1% – control | NR | 24 months-anonymous surveys | 3% increase-program 0% – control | NR |
Skjoldebrand, Gahnberg | ~4% | NR | NA | NA | NA |
Smith et al. | 14% | 93% | 12 months | 5% | 59% |
St. Pierre, Shute, Jaycox | 0% | ~31% | NA | NA | NA |
Suedfeld et al. | NA | NA | 3 months | 0% | Sensory D-Message 28% Sensory D-No Message 22% No Sensory D-Message 22% Control 0% |
Sussman, Burton et al. | 35% – chemical addition-ST 11% – chemical addiction – smoking 24% – psychosocial dependency – ST 26% – psychosocial dependency – smoking 8% – wait-list control-smoking | NR | 3 months | 15% – program conditions – ST 7% – program conditions – smoking 0% – wait list control – ST 8% – wait list control – smoking | NR |
Sussman, Dent, Lichtman | 14% – both program conditions NA – control | 23% – both program conditions NA – control | 4–5 months | 17% – both program conditions 8% – control | 23% – in all conditions |
Sussman, Dent, Stacy | NR | NR | 12 months | 34% – health educator 21% – self-instruction 21% – control | 15% – health educator 0% – self-instruction and control |
Townsend et al. | 60% – agreed to try to quit NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Vartiainen et al. | NA | NA | 6 months | 28% | NR |
Wakefield et al. | NA | NA | ~24 months | Odds ratios Public place .90 Home ban .78 Enforce school ban .89 | NA |
Weisman et al. | 36% | 25% | 5 months | 36% | NR |
Zavela, Harrison, Owens | NR | NR | 1 month | NR | mean days abstinent mint snuff – 18.8 (63% of month) bubble gum – 21.5 (72% of month) No substitute – 23.5 (78% of month) |
Zheng | 13% 7-day quit rate 4% 30-day quit rate | 20% | NA | NA | NA |