Figure 2

Expression of ICAM-1 in the gingival tissues of a smoker and non-smoker with chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. Typical histological sections of gingival tissue from a smoker (A) and a non-smoker (B) with CIPD. Tissue sections were labelled with monoclonal antibodies to ICAM-1, visualised with streptavidin-biotin peroxidase complex developed with diaminobenzidine/hydrogen peroxide, and counter-stained with haematoxylin. ICAM-1 positive cells (dark staining) are predominantly endothelial. The percentage of ICAM-1-positive vessels of the gingival microvasculature was determined following immunostaining of von Willebrand factor, an endothelial marker, in adjacent sections.