Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics and personal habit behaviours in referral and non referral population
From: Challenges in global improvement of oral cancer outcomes: findings from rural Northern India
| Â | Â | Referral | Non Referral | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | p value |
| Â | 761 | 42 (5.52) | 719 (94.48) | Â |
Socio-demographic variables: | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Gender | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Males | 379 | 33 (8.71) | 346 (91.29) | 0.000* |
Females | 382 | 9 (2.36) | 373 (97.64) | Â |
Age | Â | Â | Â | Â |
45-55 (reference group) | 523 | 30 (5.75) | 493 (94.25) | 0.624 |
56-65 | 148 | 6 (4.05) | 142 (95.95) | Â |
66-75 | 59 | 5 (8.47) | 54 (91.53) | Â |
76-95 | 31 | 1 (3.23) | 30 (96.77) | Â |
Religion | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Hindus | 537 | 30 (5.59) | 507 (94.41) | 0.062 |
Sikhs | 199 | 8 (4.02) | 191 (95.98) | Â |
Muslims (reference group) | 25 | 4 (16.00) | 21 (84.00) | Â |
Education | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Less than high school | 442 | 25 (5.66) | 417 (94.34) | 0.967 |
High school | 194 | 10 (5.15) | 184 (94.85) | Â |
College graduates (reference group) | 125 | 7 (5.60) | 118 (94.40) | Â |
Personal Habits Variables: | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Smoking bidi | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Smokers | 235 | 24 (10.21) | 211 (89.79) | 0.000* |
Non Smokers (reference group) | 526 | 18 (3.42) | 508 (96.58) | Â |
Smoking hookah | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Smokers | 163 | 22 (13.50) | 141 (86.50) | 0.000* |
Non Smokers (reference group) | 598 | 20 (3.34) | 578 (96.66) | Â |
Chewing tobacco | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Chewers | 144 | 13 (9.03) | 131 (90.97) | 0.041* |
Non Chewers (reference group) | 617 | 29 (4.70) | 588 (95.30) | Â |