Table 1 Characteristics of the study population by smoking status

Demographics

Age (years)

61.8 (10.6)

63.2 (9.9)

57.8 (9.2)

<0.001

Gender-Males (%)

37.7

56.9

50.8

<0.002

Race/ethnicity (%)

<0.001

Non-Hispanic White

36.4

50.0

36.8

Chinese American

17.7

6.1

4.7

African American

23.3

26.1

36.3

Hispanic

22.5

17.9

22.2

Education (%)

<0.001

High school or less

36.5

29.9

38

Some college

24.8

30.8

37.8

Bachelor or graduate

38.7

39.3

24.2

Household income level per year (%)

<0.001

<$25000

31.9

26.0

31.5

>$25000 and < $50000

28.2

27.7

32.8

>$50000 and < $75000

16.4

18.6

18.4

>$75000

23.4

27.7

17.3

Medications

Use of antihypertensive medications (%)

30.7

30.4

23.4

<0.001

Use of lipid lowering medications (%)

14.1

16.3

10.7

<0.001

Behavioral variables

Alcohol use (%)

<0.001

Never

32.4

6.2

8.2

Former

18.2

28.4

22.5

Current

49.4

65.4

69.3

Physical activity (min/week-MET)

5604 (5625)

5857 (6095)

6631 (6662)

<0.001

First quartile <2055

26.0

23.2

25.6

<0.001

2nd quartle (2055–4125)

25.4

26.8

19.0

3rd quartile (4125–7545)

24.8

25.7

23.9

4th quartile (>7545)

23.8

24.3

31.5

Cardiometabolic profile (%)

ATP-III Metabolic syndrome

26.5

26.3

27.3

0.9

Metabolic syndrome components

High WC

58.2

53.5

51.6

<0.001

Elevated BP

50.9

54.8

44.0

<0.001

Low HDL-C

34.1

31.4

42.0

<0.001

Elevated TG

27.6

26.1

32.3

0.005

Impaired fasting glucose

15.7

16.3

14.7

0.6

Insulinresistance (HOMA-IR)

25.5

26.6

23.6

0.3

Elevated CRP

18.1

19.5

24.0

0.001

Normal weight (BMI < 25)

32.7

27.3

30.9

<0.001

Obese (BMI > 29.9)

29.0

31.6

28.2

0.08