Table 1 Comparative features of cases and controls
Cases | Controls | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (±SD), yrs | 27.7 (8.9) | 27.7 (8.9) | 0.994 |
Gender | 1.000 | ||
Male | 46 (33.3) | 92 (33.3) | |
Female | 92 (66.7) | 184 (66.7) | |
Marital status | 0.943 | ||
Married | 84 (60.9) | 167 (60.5) | |
Unmarried | 54 (39.1) | 109 (39.5) | |
Years of schooling, mean (±SD), yrs | 10.7 (4.9) | 10.8 (4.7) | 0.882 |
Occupational status | 0.459 | ||
Unemployed | 96 (69.6) | 182 (65.9) | |
Employed | 42 (30.4) | 94 (34.1) | |
Number of family member, mean (±SD) | 5.0 (1.4) | 4.3 (1.2) | <0.001 |
Monthly household income, mean (±SD) in BDT | 15275.3 (8382.0) | 14420.2 (7066.7) | 0.304 |
Tobacco use | <0.001 | ||
Non users | 65 (47.1) | 236 (85.5) | |
Smoking only | 34 (24.6) | 20 (7.2) | |
Smokeless tobacco only | 22 (15.9) | 19 (6.9) | |
Both smoking and smokeless | 17 (12.3) | 1 (0.4) | |
Smoked tobacco users | <0.001 | ||
Non user | 87 (63.0) | 255 (92.4) | |
Cigarette | 32 (23.2) | 17 (6.2) | |
Bidi | 14 (10.1) | 3 (1.1) | |
Hukka | 5 (3.6) | 1 (0.4) | |
Smokeless tobacco users * | <0.001 | ||
Non users | 99 (71.7) | 256 (92.8) | |
Betel quid with tobacco leaf | 37 (26.8) | 20 (7.2) | |
Zarda | 35 (25.4) | 16 (5.8) | |
Gul | 6 (4.3) | 2 (0.7) | |
Number of cigarette/bidi/hukka per day | <0.001 | ||
Non user | 87 (63.0) | 255 (92.4) | |
1-5 | 8 (5.8) | 5 (1.8) | |
6-10 | 16 (11.6) | 7 (2.5) | |
>10 | 27 (19.6) | 9 (3.3) | |
Alcohol use | 19 (13.8) | 4 (1.4) | <0.001 |
Insufficient sleep | 75 (54.3) | 95 (34.4) | <0.001 |
Mental stress | 93 (67.4) | 89 (32.2) | <0.001 |