Stronger pack warnings predict quitting more than weaker ones: finding from the ITC Malaysia and Thailand surveys

Table 3 Responses toward warning labels predicting interest in quitting in the same year among adult smokers from Malaysia and Thailand

	Any interest in quitting in same wave
	Malaysia (N = 721 for W1; N = 770 for W2)		Thailand (N = 1018 for W1; N = 800 for W2)
	Crude OR ( 95% CI)^a	Adjusted OR ( 95% CI)^b	Crude OR ( 95% CI)^a	Adjusted OR ( 95% CI)^b
Salience (scale) w1	1.11 (1.01 – 1.22)**	0.95 (0.85 – 1.06)^NS	1.11 (1.03 – 1.20)**	0.99 (0.92 – 1.09)^NS
w 2	1.09 (1.01 – 1.19)*	0.92 (0.83 – 1.03)^NS	1.04 (0.95 – 1.14)^NS	0.89 (0.79 – 1.01)^NS
Cognitive responses (scale) w 1	1.69 (1.52 – 1.87)***	1.57 (1.39 – 1.77)***	1.38 (1.28 – 1.48)***	1.29 (1.19 – 1.40)***
w 2	1.59 (1.45 – 1.76)***	1.69 (1.49 – 1.92)***	1.28 (1.17 – 1.39)***	1.19 (1.07 – 1.32)**
Forgoing w 1	3.24 (2.36 – 4.43)***	1.77 (1.20 – 2.61)**	2.22 (1.72 – 2.87)***	1.54 (1.16 – 2.05)**
w 2	2.30 (1.67 – 3.17)***	1.04 (0.67 – 1.61)^NS	2.95 (2.14 – 4.07)***	2.32 (1.60 – 3.39)***
Avoiding w 1	1.19 (0.83 – 1.70)^NS	0.85 (0.56 – 1.31)^NS	1.21 (0.93 – 1.56)^NS	0.89 (0.67 – 1.18)^NS
w 2	1.29 (0.87 – 1.94)^NS	0.89 (0.56 – 1.44)^NS	1.23 (0.90 – 1.67)^NS	0.86 (0.61 – 1.21)^NS
Knowledge at baseline ^c w 1	1.73 (1.29 – 2.33)***	1.71 (1.19 – 2.44)**	1.98 (1.50 – 2.60)***	1.51 (1.13 – 2.02)**
w 2	1.58 (1.18 – 2.11)**	1.14 (0.81 – 1.61)^NS	1.88 (1.27 – 2.77)**	1.34 (0.89 – 2.02)^NS
Pseudo R2 Wave 1 predictors	0.173	0.075	0.021	0.043
Pseudo R2 Wave 2 predictors	0.128	0.065	0.016	0.098

^aSimple logistic (bivariate analysis); ^bMultiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, and rural/urban; ^cReference category = “lower to average knowledge” (0–4 scores), ^NSNot significant; * p < .05; ** p < .01; *** p < .001.

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