Skip to main content

Table 4 Generalized estimating equation analyses for changes in smoking behavior

From: Impact of reduced ignition propensity cigarette regulation on consumer smoking behavior and quit intentions: evidence from 6 waves (2004–11) of the ITC Four Country Survey

  

Model 3

Model 4

  

Cigarettes per day

Intention to quit

  

B (se)

OR

95% CI

B (se)

OR

95% CI

RIP Standard

Law in Place

0.011(0.018)

1.0011

0.975-1.048

0.018(0.008)

1.018*

1.003-1.034

 

No Law

 

REF

  

REF

 

Time

Wave

-0.066(0.005)

0.936***

0.926-0.944

-0.010(0.002)

0.990***

0.986-0.994

Country

United States

0.043(0.016)

1.044*

1.012-1.078

0.050(0.010)

1.051***

1.031-1.072

 

Canada

0.003(0.022)

1.003

0.960-1.047

0.096(0.011)

1.101***

1.077-1.125

 

Australia

0.036(0.021)

1.037+

0.996-1.080

0.100(0.010)

1.106***

1.084-1.127

 

United Kingdom

 

REF

  

REF

 

Frequency of

Often

-0.039(0.023)

0.962

0.920-1.005

0.020(0.009)

1.020*

1.002-1.039

Self-extinguishment

Sometimes

0.008(0.018)

1.008

0.974-1.044

0.027(0.006)

1.027***

1.014-1.040

 

Rarely

0.015(0.015)

1.015

0.986-1.045

0.007(0.008)

1.007

0.991-1.023

 

Never

 

REF

  

REF

 

Cigarettes Per Day

CPD at enrollment

0.074(0.004)

1.077***

1.069-1.085

--

--

--

Cigarettes Per Day

CPD

--

--

--

-0.004(0.000)

0.996***

0.995-0.996

Intend to Quit

Yes

-0.098(0.011)

0.907***

0.888-0.926

--

--

--

 

No

 

REF

 

--

--

--

N

  

12,388

  

12,388

 

Observations

  

32,536

  

32,536

 
  1. Note: ***p<.001, **p<.01, *p < .05, +p < .10, models adjusted for age, sex, education, income, ethnicity, and cohort; CPD at enrollment is modeled to assess overall CPD overtime while CPD at each wave is modeled to evaluate intention to quit smoking overtime.