Table 1 Comparison between sociodemographic characteristics of cases and controls
From: Determining the burden of secondhand smoke exposure on the respiratory health of Thai children
Characteristics | Cases | Controls | P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|
n /% | n /% | ||
Sex | |||
M | 283 / 61.3 | 286 / 61.9 | 0.84 |
F | 179 / 38.7 | 176 / 38.1 | |
Age | |||
1-12 months | 182 / 39.5 | 192 / 41.8 | 0.96 |
12-24 months | 141 / 30.6 | 133 / 29.0 | |
25-36 months | 69 / 15.0 | 69 / 15.0 | |
37-48 months | 44 / 9.5 | 41 / 8.9 | |
49-59 months | 25 / 5.4 | 24 / 5.3 | |
Birth weight | |||
<2,500 grams | 94 / 20.3 | 74 / 16.0 | 0.09 |
≥2,500 grams | 368 / 79.7 | 388 / 84.0 | |
Breastfeeding | |||
Yes | 141 / 30.5 | 109 / 23.6 | 0.01 |
No | 312 / 67.5 | 350 / 75.8 | |
Uncertain | 9 / 2.0 | 3 / 0.6 | |
Primary caregiver | |||
Mother | 254 / 55.0 | 234 / 50.5 | 0.10 |
Father | 16 / 3.5 | 9 / 1.9 | |
Others | 192 / 41.5 | 219 / 47.4 | |
Household monthly income (US $) | |||
Min-max | 33-5,000 | 56-13,333 | |
<150 | 34/ 7.4 | 12/ 2.6 | 0.01 |
151 - 333 | 272/ 59.0 | 174/ 37.9 | |
334 - 666 | 113/ 24.5 | 160/ 34.9 | |
≥667 | 42/ 9.1 | 113/ 24.6 | |
Father’s education level | |||
Grade 6 or less | 189/ 41.7 | 102/ 22.7 | 0.03 |
Secondary or vocational school | 208/ 45.9 | 219/48.7 | |
Bachelor’s degree and above | 56/ 12.4 | 129/28.6 | |
Mother’s education level | |||
Grade 6 or less | 192/ 41.8 | 120/ 26.2 | 0.03 |
Secondary or vocational school | 207/ 45.1 | 215/ 46.8 | |
Bachelor’s degree and above | 60/ 13.1 | 124/ 27.0 | |