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Table 2 Comparison smoking behaviors and perceptions and behaviors related to cigarette warning labels

From: A pilot study of research methods for determining the impact of pictorial cigarette warning labels among smokers

 

Baseline

Follow-up

Average change

P-value

Perceptions of Warnings (range 1–5)

    

  Warnings are Noticeable

2.7 (1.2)

4.1 (1.3)

1.40 (1.42)

.013

  Warnings are Serious

3.8 (1.1)

3.9 (1.3)

0.0 (1.87)

1.00

  Warnings are Believable

4.4 (0.7)

3.9 (0.9)

−0.50 (0.84)

.096

  Warnings Convey Risks

2.2 (1.1)

3.5 (1.3)

1.13 (1.16)

.006

Warning Behaviors

    

  Notice Warnings (range 1–5)

3.4 (1.0)

3.9 (1.3)

0.50 (0.71)

.052

  Read Warnings (range 1–5)

3.1 (1.0)

3.0 (1.3)

−0.10 (0.99)

.757

  Warnings Stopped you From Smoking (range 1–4)

1.1 (0.3)

1.6 (0.8)

0.50 (0.71)

.052

  1. Note: Data are displayed as mean (standard deviation). Questions at baseline assessed perceptions and behaviors in reference to existing text-only cigarette warnings in the U.S. Questions at follow-up assessed perceptions and behaviors in reference to the pictorial warnings participants used during the study.