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Table 4 Severely inadequate food and nutrient intake in relation to current smoking status.

From: Smoking status in relation to serum folate and dietary vitamin intake

 

Smokers

% (n)

Ex/Non smokers

% (n)

P-value

Folate

(<400 μg/day)

94.4 (133)

92.1 (327)

0.371

Folate

(<268 μg/day)

76.2 (109)

70.7 (251)

0.213

Vitamin A

(<67% of RDA)

49.7 (71)

42.3 (150)

0.133

Vitamin E

(<67% of RDA)

39.9 (57)

35.8 (127)

0.393

Vitamin C

(<67% of RDA)

24.5 (35)

18.0 (64)

0.103

Vitamin B 1

(<67% of RDA)

4.9 (7)

12.4 (44)

0.013

Vitamin B 2

(<67% of RDA)

9.1 (13)

14.1 (50)

0.129

Vitamin B 6

(<67% of RDA)

11.2 (16)

19.2 (68)

0.032

Vitamin B 12

(<67% of RDA)

21.1 (30)

42.5 (148)

<0.001

Fibre

(<15 g)

39.2 (56)

36.3 (129)

0.555

Fruits and Vegetables

(<67 % of RDA)

36.8 (49)

29.9 (103)

0.142

  1. 1. Chi squared test (X2).
  2. 2. Severely inadequate food and nutrient intake was defined at <67% of the RDA.
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Tobacco Induced Diseases

ISSN: 1617-9625

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