Table 1 Characteristics of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) observational studies
Author | Country | Participants | Cigarettes per day *(mean, median) | Years Smoking *(mean, median) | Intervention | Dosage (mg) | Number treated | co-intervention | Duration of treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hilleman, 1994 | USA | Healthy | 26* | ≥ 3 | Patch (fixed dosage) | 21 | 69 | Education session | 12 weeks |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Patch (tapered dose) | 7,14,21 | 71 | Â | Â |
Orleans, 1994 | USA | Older adults | 17* | 50* | Patch | 7,14,21 | 871 | Counseling | 12 weeks |
Fredrickson, 1995 | USA | Healthy | >20 | 28* | Patch | 22,44 | 40 | Counseling | 8 weeks |
Herrera, 1995 | Sweden | Healthy | ≥ 10 | NA | Gum | 2,4 | 167 | Behavioural modification program | 3 months |
Jorenby, 1995 | USA | Healthy | 27* | 1 | Patch | 22,44 | 504 | Counseling | 8 weeks |
Martin, 1995 | New Zealand | Healthy and unhealthy | 26* | 10* | Patch | 7,14,21 | 80 | Counseling | 12 weeks |
Smith, 1995 | USA | Healthy and unhealthy | 26* | 20* | Patch | 7,14,21 | 110 | Counseling | 12 weeks |
Smith, 1996 | USA | Adolescent | 23* | 2.6* | Patch | 11,22 | 22 | Counseling | 8 weeks |
Hurt, 1998 | USA | Healthy | 28* | 22* | Nasal spray | 1-2 mg/h | 50 | Counseling | 8 weeks |
Gourlay, 1999 | Australia | Healthy | ≥ 15 | ≥ 3 | Patch | 21 | 1481 | Counseling | 12 weeks |
Hays, 1999 | USA | Healthy | ≥ 15 | ≥ 1 | Patch | 22 | 315 | None | 6 weeks |
Killen, 1999 | USA | Healthy | 35* | NA | Patch | 15 or 25 | 408 | Self-treatment booklet | 6 weeks |
Hurt, 2000 | USA | Adolescent | 20* | >1 | Patch | 15 | 101 | Counseling | 6 weeks |
Shiffman, 2002 | USA | Healthy | 27* | 24* | Patch | 7,14,21 | 2367 | None | 12 weeks |
| Â | Â | Â | 27* | 23* | Gum | 2,4 | 2981 | None | 12 weeks |
Croghan, 2003 | USA | Healthy | ≥ 15 | ≥ 1 | Patch, Nasal spray, Patch + Nasal spray | 15 mg/patch, 0.5 mg/spray | 1384 | Behavioural counseling | 6 weeks |
Hasford, 2003 | Germany | Healthy and unhealthy | NA | 19* | Patch | 7,14,21 | 633 | None | 12 weeks |
Carpenter, 2004 | USA | Healthy | ≥ 10 | NA | Patch | 7,14,21 | 300 | Reduction counseling | 6 weeks |
Fiore, 2004 | USA | Healthy | ≥ 10 | NA | Patch | 7,14, 21 | 1869 | With or without education program | 10 weeks |
Lerman, 2004 | USA | Healthy | ≥ 10 | 1 | Patch, Nasal spray | 0.5, 7-21 | 350 | Counseling | 8 weeks |
Schuurmans, 2004 | South Africa | Healthy | ≥ 15 | ≥ 3 | Patch | NA | 184 | None | 10 weeks |
Hughes, 2005 | USA | Healthy and unhealthy | 25* | 27* | Nasal spray | NA | 535 | None | 4 weeks |
Marsh, 2005 | Czech Republic | Medical illness | 25* | ≥ 1 | Gum, Lozenge | 4 | 901 | None | 12 weeks |
Bolliger, 2007 | South Africa | Healthy | 23* | 23* | Gum, Patch, Nasal spray | NA | 100 | Behavioural counseling | 3 months |
Aubin, 2008 | USA | Healthy | 23* | 25* | Patch | 7,14,21 | 370 | Counseling | 10 weeks |
Stapleton, 2008 | UK | Healthy and unhealthy | 21* | NA | NRT | NA | 204 | Education session | 12 weeks |
Gunnell, 2009 | Europe | Healthy and unhealthy | NA | NA | NRT | NA | 63265 | None | 12-26 weeks |
Ossip, 2009 | USA | Healthy and unhealthy | NA | NA | Gum, Patch, Lozenge | 2,7-21,2 | 65599 | None | 2 weeks |
Steinberg, 2009 | USA | Medical illnesses | >10 | >20 | Patch | 7,14,21 | 64 | None | 10 weeks |