A retrospective analysis of the association between tobacco smoking and deaths from respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in the Kassena-Nankana districts of Northern Ghana

Table 4 Relative odds of dying from respiratory diseases by frequency and duration of smoking

Variable	Unadjusted	P-value ^#	Adjusted ^*	P-value ^#
Variable	OR (95% CI)		OR (95% CI)
Frequency of smoking
Chain/hourly smoking	3.19 (2.2-4.7)		2.97 (1.9-4.6)
Daily smoking	2.18 (1.7-2.8)	<0.001	2.06 (1.5-2.8)	<0.001
Occasional smoking	1.79 (0.9-3.7)		1.67 (0.8-3.5)
Non-smokers	1		1
Duration of smoking
1-5 years	2.13 (1.6-2.8)		2.13 (1.5-2.9)
6-15 years	2.12 (1.1-4.1)	<0.001	1.87 (0.9-3.7)	<0.001
>15 years	2.54 (1.9-3.4)		2.32 (1.6-3.2)
Non-smokers	1		1

^#Overall p-value; ^*Adjusted for age, sex, place of residence and wealth index in separate models.

ISSN: 1617-9625