Table 1 Summary MOE analysis, propylene glycol, 1-puff scenario, human study used as PoD

Critical endpoint

Acute irritation of the eyes and upper airways

A few (4 out of 27) individuals reacted with additional cough and slight airway obstruction

Source

The Health Council of the Netherlands (2007) (Wieslander et al., 2001)

Species

Healthy human subjects (27)

Exposure regimen

Propylene glycol in aviation emergency training. Exposure to artificial mist generator in short-term inhalation exposure (~1 min)

Concentrations tested (mg/m³)

0, 176-851

Duration of exposure

Average rating on 10 questions before and after 1 min propylene glycol exposure every 30 min for 4 hours

NOAEL (mg/m³)

-

If no NOAEL, then value for LOAEL

Min = 176

Max = 851

Mean = 309

C _alv;max (mg/m³)

430-603

Source of C _alv;max (mg/m³)

1 puff (50 mL [5], 70 mL [6])

MOE_{1-puff shisha-pen/100% transfer rate}

Min range = 0.3-0.4 (~2.5-3x higher than in human study)

Max range = 1.4-2

Mean range = 0.5-0.7 (~1.4-2x higher than in human study)