The risk and burden of smoking related heart disease mortality among young people in the United States

Table 2 Gender specific all heart disease and coronary heart disease mortality by smoking status^a among adults aged 18–44 years in the United States: National Health Interview Survey, 1997–2004 followed through December, 2006

Smoking Status^a	Male (All HD)	Female (All HD)	Male (CHD)	Female (CHD)
Never Smoker (Ref)
No. of deaths	21	12	7	3^c
Current Smoker
No. of deaths	34	22	22	13
Crude HR	3.2	4.8	7.7
95 % CI	1.8–5.7	2.1–10.7	3.1–19.5
Age adjusted HR	3.0	4.5	7.3
95 % CI	1.7–5.5	2.1–10.0	2.9–18.3
Mutivariate HR^b	2.7	4.4	5.3
95 % CI^b	1.3–5.2	1.67–11.7	2.0–14.7
Past Smoker
No. of deaths	6	6	2^c	3^c
Crude HR	2.1	3.1	3.7
95 % CI	0.7–6.1	0.9–10.3	0.7–20.1
Age adjusted HR	1.7	2.5	2.8
95 % CI	0.6–4.6	0.8–8.2	0.5–14.45
Mutivariate HR^b	1.6	3.4	3.2
95 % CI	0.5–5.4	0.9–13.0	0.6–17.6

Abbreviations: HD, Heart disease; CHD, Coronary heart disease; Ref, reference group; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; No, number
Actual number of death from all causes for never, current and past smokers were 343. 367 and 102 respectively
^aSmoking status categorized as never, current and past smokers
^bAdjusted for age (years), race, history of hypertension, diabetes, body mass index, and physical activity level
^cthere were too few CHD deaths in females in categories of never smoker and past smoker to estimate HR and categories of never smoker and past smoker were collapsed in subsequent analysis

ISSN: 1617-9625