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Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of smokers and nonsmokers

From: Prevalence of smoking in adults with chronic pain

Characteristics

Smokers

Nonsmokers

P value*

(n = 1256)

(n = 4094)

Age (mean ± SD)

46.3 ± 13.9

45.9 ± 13.5

0.315

Sex (n, %)

  

0.256

 Male

377 (30)

1161 (28)

 

 Female

879 (70)

2933 (72)

 

Ethnicity

  

0.625

 Caucasian

1072 (85.4)

3517 (86.0)

 

 Hispanic

15 (1.2)

41 (1.0)

 

 African American

19 (1.5)

78 (1.9)

 

 Undisclosed

150 (11.9)

458 (11.1)

 

Marital status

  

0.743

 Married

786 (63.6)

2546 (63)

 

 Single/Divorce

449 (36.4)

1487 (39)

 

Residence

  

0.705

 Minnesota

503 (40.1)

1663 (40.7)

 

 Non Minnesota

752 (59.9)

2425 (59.3)

 

Years of education

14.9 ± 8.4

14.5 ± 3.0

0.918

Currently employed

196 (15.6)

743 (18.1)

0.042

Pain duration, years

9.7 ± 10.2

9.8 ± 10.6

0.763

Primary pain site

  

0.738

 Fibromyalgia

239 (19.0)

700 (17.1)

 

 Low back

317 (25.2)

1030 (25.2)

 

 Headache

117 (9.3)

438 (10.7)

 

 Generalized

132 (10.5)

439 (10.7)

 

 Abdominal

97 (7.7)

315 (7.7)

 

 Neck

92 (7.3)

269 (6.6)

 

 Lower extremity

92 (7.3)

326 (8.0)

 

 Face

30 (2.4)

122 (3.0)

 

 Upper extremity

63 (5.0)

213 (5.2)

 

 Other

77 (6.2)

242 (5.9)

 
  1. *Chi-square for categorical variable, univariate analysis of variance for continuous variable