| |
Non-smoker
|
Past smoker
|
Current smoker
|
P value
|
|---|
|
Without secondhand smoking
|
With secondhand smoking
|
|---|
|
Home
|
Other places
|
Home and other places
|
|---|
|
(n = 59)
|
(n = 30)
|
(n = 33)
|
(n = 37)
|
(n = 158)
|
(n = 235)
|
|---|
|
Age, mean (SD)
|
66.4 (5.23)
|
66.4 (4.94)
|
65.5 (4.69)
|
65.7 (5.03)
|
65.6 (6.34)
|
64.7 (5.85)
|
0.309
|
|
Education level, n (%)
| | | | | | | |
|
Low
|
21 (35.6)
|
11 (36.7)
|
10 (30.3)
|
6 (16.2)
|
41 (25.9)
|
72 (30.6)
|
0.029
|
|
Middle
|
33 (55.9)
|
19 (63.3)
|
15 (45.5)
|
25 (67.6)
|
79 (50.0)
|
114 (48.5)
| |
|
High
|
56 (8.5)
|
0 (0)
|
8 (24.2)
|
6 (16.2)
|
38 (24.1)
|
49 (20.9)
| |
|
History of diabetes, n (%)
| | | | | | | |
|
Yes
|
1 (1.7)
|
2 (6.7)
|
1 (3.0)
|
3 (8.1)
|
3 (1.9)
|
11 (4.7)
|
0.372
|
|
No
|
58 (98.3)
|
28 (93.3)
|
32 (97.0)
|
34 (91.9)
|
155 (98.1)
|
224 (95.4)
| |
|
BMI, mean (SD)
|
23.2 (2.28)
|
23.8 (2.74)
|
23.0 (2.55)
|
24.0 (3.37)
|
23.5 (2.38)
|
23.2 (2.64)
|
0.377
|
|
Alcohol consumption, n (%)
| | | | | | | |
|
Non or former drinkers
|
11 (18.6)
|
0 (0)
|
4 (12.1)
|
6 (16.2)
|
15 (9.5)
|
24 (10.2)
|
0.007
|
|
Less than weekly
|
8 (13.6)
|
0 (0)
|
2 (6.1)
|
1 (2.7)
|
8 (5.1)
|
9 (3.8)
| |
|
<150 g/week
|
4 (6.8)
|
2 (6.7)
|
3 (9.1)
|
10 (27.0)
|
17 (10.8)
|
22 (9.4)
| |
|
150-299 g/week
|
8 (13.6)
|
5 (16.7)
|
5 (15.2)
|
4 (10.8)
|
25 (15.8)
|
31 (13.2)
| |
|
300-449 g/week
|
6 (10.2)
|
11 (36.7)
|
5 (15.2)
|
1 (2.7)
|
28 (17.1)
|
41 (17.4)
| |
|
>450 g/week
|
22 (37.3)
|
12 (40.0)
|
14 (42.4)
|
15 (40.5)
|
65 (41.1)
|
108 (46.0)
| |
|
Perceived mental stress, n (%)
| | | | | | | |
|
Low
|
5 (8.5)
|
1 (3.3)
|
1 (3.0)
|
4 (10.8)
|
15 (9.5)
|
20 (8.5)
|
0.779
|
|
Moderate
|
40 (67.8)
|
21 (70.0)
|
20 (60.6)
|
22 (59.5)
|
88 (55.7)
|
138 (58.7)
| |
|
High
|
14 (23.7)
|
8 (26.7)
|
12 (36.4)
|
11 (29.7)
|
55 (34.8)
|
77 (32.8)
| |
|
Family dentist, n (%)
| | | | | | | |
|
Yes
|
49 (83.1)
|
28 (93.3)
|
30 (90.9)
|
31 (83.8)
|
135 (85.4)
|
203 (86.4)
|
0.752
|
|
No
|
10 (16.9)
|
2 (6.7)
|
3 (9.1)
|
6 (16.2)
|
23 (14.6)
|
32 (13.6)
| |
|
Oral hygiene, n (%)
| | | | | | | |
|
Good
|
5 (8.5)
|
5 (16.7)
|
6 (18.2)
|
3 (8.1)
|
24 (15.2)
|
22 (9.4)
|
0.534
|
|
Fair
|
38 (64.4)
|
18 (60.0)
|
22 (66.7)
|
27 (73.0)
|
96 (60.8)
|
148 (63.0)
| |
|
Poor
|
16 (27.1)
|
7 (23.3)
|
5 (15.2)
|
7 (18.9)
|
38 (24.1)
|
65 (27.7)
| |
- Combined cells for proper application of chi-square test
