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Table 2 Characteristics according to active and secondhand smoking status in women

From: The association of active and secondhand smoking with oral health in adults: Japan public health center-based study

 

Non-smoker

Past smoker

Current smoker

P value

 

Without secondhand smoking

With secondhand smoking

Home

Other places

Home and other places

 

(n = 131)

(n = 328)

(n = 19)

(n = 111)

(n = 8)

(n = 15)

Age, mean (SD)

65.9 (5.10)

65.0 (5.98)

64.4 (6.18)

64.0 (5.45)

61.4 (5.01)

62.7 (5.37)

0.028

Education level, n (%)

       

Low

59 (45.0)

112 (34.2)

4 (21.1)

27 (24.3)

1 (12.5)

3 (20.0)

0.001

Middle

51 (39.0)

174 (53.0)

10 (52.6)

62 (55.9)

2 (25.0)

9 (60.0)

 

High

21 (16.0)

42 (12.8)

5 (26.3)

22 (19.8)

5 (62.5)

3 (20.0)

 

History of diabetes, n (%)

       

Yes

2 (1.5)

4 (1.2)

1 (5.3)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0.381

No

129 (98.5)

324 (98.8)

18 (94.7)

111 (100)

8 (100)

15 (100)

 

BMI, mean (SD)

22.9 (2.61)

22.7 (2.87)

22.3 (2.78)

23.2 (2.99)

23.0 (1.59)

22.7 (2.74)

0.740

Alcohol consumption, n (%)

       

Non or former drinkers

85 (64.9)

241 (73.5)

13 (68.4)

81 (73.0)

5 (62.5)

6 (40.0)

0.205

Less than weekly

21 (16.0)

41 (12.5)

3 (15.8)

10 (9.0)

1 (12.5)

3 (20.0)

 

<150 g/week

14 (10.7)

27 (8.2)

1 (5.3)

10 (9.0)

1 (12.5)

3 (20.0)

 

150-299 g/week

5 (3.8)

9 (2.7)

1 (5.3)

4 (3.6)

0 (0.0)

2 (13.3)

 

300-449 g/week

4 (3.1)

7 (2.1)

0 (0.0)

5 (4.5)

1 (12.5)

0 (0.0)

 

>450 g/week

2 (1.5)

3 (0.9)

1 (5.3)

1 (0.9)

0 (0.0)

1 (6.7)

 

Perceived mental stress, n (%)

       

Low

16 (12.2)

34 (10.4)

0 (0.0)

12 (10.8)

1 (12.5)

2 (13.3)

0.237

Moderate

90 (68.7)

216 (65.8)

12 (63.2)

64 (57.7)

3 (37.5)

10 (66.7)

 

High

25 (19.1)

78 (23.8)

7 (36.8)

35 (31.5)

4 (50.0)

3 (20.0)

 

Family dentist, n (%)

       

Yes

121 (92.4)

299 (91.2)

17 (89.5)

97 (87.4)

7 (87.5)

12 (80.0)

0.405

No

10 (7.6)

29 (8.8)

2 (10.5)

14 (12.6)

1 (12.5)

3 (20.0)

 

Oral hygiene, n (%)

       

Good

17 (13.0)

45 (13.7)

3 (15.8)

20 (18.0)

2 (25.0)

2 (13.3)

0.715

Fair

93 (71.0)

222 (67.7)

12 (63.2)

76 (68.5)

5 (62.5)

8 (53.3)

 

Poor

21 (16.0)

61 (18.6)

4 (21.0)

15 (13.5)

1 (12.5)

5 (33.3)

 
  1. Combined cells for proper application of chi-square test