| Non-smoker | Past smoker | Current smoker | P value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Without secondhand smoking | With secondhand smoking | |||||
Home | Other places | Home and other places | |||||
 | (n = 131) | (n = 328) | (n = 19) | (n = 111) | (n = 8) | (n = 15) | |
Age, mean (SD) | 65.9 (5.10) | 65.0 (5.98) | 64.4 (6.18) | 64.0 (5.45) | 61.4 (5.01) | 62.7 (5.37) | 0.028 |
Education level, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Low | 59 (45.0) | 112 (34.2) | 4 (21.1) | 27 (24.3) | 1 (12.5) | 3 (20.0) | 0.001 |
Middle | 51 (39.0) | 174 (53.0) | 10 (52.6) | 62 (55.9) | 2 (25.0) | 9 (60.0) | Â |
High | 21 (16.0) | 42 (12.8) | 5 (26.3) | 22 (19.8) | 5 (62.5) | 3 (20.0) | Â |
History of diabetes, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 2 (1.5) | 4 (1.2) | 1 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.381 |
No | 129 (98.5) | 324 (98.8) | 18 (94.7) | 111 (100) | 8 (100) | 15 (100) | Â |
BMI, mean (SD) | 22.9 (2.61) | 22.7 (2.87) | 22.3 (2.78) | 23.2 (2.99) | 23.0 (1.59) | 22.7 (2.74) | 0.740 |
Alcohol consumption, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Non or former drinkers | 85 (64.9) | 241 (73.5) | 13 (68.4) | 81 (73.0) | 5 (62.5) | 6 (40.0) | 0.205 |
Less than weekly | 21 (16.0) | 41 (12.5) | 3 (15.8) | 10 (9.0) | 1 (12.5) | 3 (20.0) | Â |
<150Â g/week | 14 (10.7) | 27 (8.2) | 1 (5.3) | 10 (9.0) | 1 (12.5) | 3 (20.0) | Â |
150-299Â g/week | 5 (3.8) | 9 (2.7) | 1 (5.3) | 4 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (13.3) | Â |
300-449Â g/week | 4 (3.1) | 7 (2.1) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (4.5) | 1 (12.5) | 0 (0.0) | Â |
>450Â g/week | 2 (1.5) | 3 (0.9) | 1 (5.3) | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (6.7) | Â |
Perceived mental stress, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Low | 16 (12.2) | 34 (10.4) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (10.8) | 1 (12.5) | 2 (13.3) | 0.237 |
Moderate | 90 (68.7) | 216 (65.8) | 12 (63.2) | 64 (57.7) | 3 (37.5) | 10 (66.7) | Â |
High | 25 (19.1) | 78 (23.8) | 7 (36.8) | 35 (31.5) | 4 (50.0) | 3 (20.0) | Â |
Family dentist, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 121 (92.4) | 299 (91.2) | 17 (89.5) | 97 (87.4) | 7 (87.5) | 12 (80.0) | 0.405 |
No | 10 (7.6) | 29 (8.8) | 2 (10.5) | 14 (12.6) | 1 (12.5) | 3 (20.0) | Â |
Oral hygiene, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Good | 17 (13.0) | 45 (13.7) | 3 (15.8) | 20 (18.0) | 2 (25.0) | 2 (13.3) | 0.715 |
Fair | 93 (71.0) | 222 (67.7) | 12 (63.2) | 76 (68.5) | 5 (62.5) | 8 (53.3) | Â |
Poor | 21 (16.0) | 61 (18.6) | 4 (21.0) | 15 (13.5) | 1 (12.5) | 5 (33.3) | Â |