From: Perceptions of harm from secondhand smoke exposure among U.S. adults, 2009–2010
Unweighted frequency | Not at all harmful to one’s health | Somewhat harmful | Very harmful | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | n | % (95 % CI) | % (95 % CI) | % (95 % CI) |
Overall | 97,805 | 4.0 (3.7–4.3) | 31.5 (30.9–32.1) | 64.5 (63.9–65.2) |
Sex | ||||
Male | 38,659 | 5.3 (4.8–5.7) | 38.4 (37.4–39.4) | 56.3 (55.3–57.4) |
Female | 59,146 | 2.8 (2.5–3.1) | 24.8 (24.1–25.5) | 72.5 (71.7–73.2) |
Age (years) | ||||
18–24 | 4780 | 2.6 (2.0–3.3) | 32.4 (30.4–34.5) | 64.9 (62.9–67.0) |
25–44 | 25,915 | 3.0 (2.6–3.5) | 30.9 (29.8–32.0) | 66.0 (64.9–67.2) |
45–64 | 41,968 | 4.9 (4.4–5.3) | 33.6 (32.7–34.5) | 61.5 (60.5–62.4) |
≥65 | 25,142 | 5.8 (5.2–6.4) | 27.2 (26.1–28.3) | 67.0 (65.8–68.2) |
Race/ethnicity | ||||
White, non-Hispanic | 81,517 | 4.2 (3.9–4.4) | 35.7 (35.1–36.3) | 60.1 (59.5–60.8) |
Black, non-Hispanic | 7244 | 3.0 (2.3–3.6) | 21.5 (19.7–23.3) | 75.5 (73.7–77.4) |
Asian, non-Hispanic | 1645 | a | 21.0 (15.6–26.5) | 75.9 (70.3–81.5) |
AI/AN, non-Hispanic | 1495 | 7.5 (4.9–10.0) | 28.4 (23.5–33.3) | 64.1 (58.9–69.3) |
NH/PI, non-Hispanic | 399 | a | 28.0 (18.5–37.4) | 66.5 (56.6–76.4) |
Non-Hispanic, multirace | 1220 | 3.7 (2.1–5.4) | 28.4 (23.5–33.2) | 67.9 (62.8–73.0) |
Non-Hispanic, other | 481 | a | 23.0 (15.4–30.5) | 69.8 (61.2–78.3) |
Hispanic | 3804 | 3.8 (2.7–4.8) | 20.9 (18.5– 23.3) | 75.3 (72.8–77.9) |
Education | ||||
0–12 years (no diploma) | 6694 | 5.5 (4.5–6.4) | 27.2 (24.9–29.5) | 67.4 (65.0–69.8) |
GED | 1696 | 6.1 (3.9–8.4) | 33.8 (29.7–37.8) | 60.1 (55.9–64.4) |
High school graduate | 21,078 | 4.9 (4.3–5.5) | 32.5 (31.3–33.7) | 62.6 (61.3–63.9) |
Some college (no degree) | 15,778 | 3.9 (3.4–4.5) | 32.5 (31.1–33.9) | 63.6 (62.2–65.0) |
Associate degree | 14,241 | 3.4 (2.8–3.9) | 31.1 (29.7–32.5) | 65.5 (64.1–67.0) |
Undergraduate degree | 23,148 | 2.3 (2.0–2.6) | 33.2 (32.0–34.3) | 64.6 (63.4–65.7) |
Graduate degree | 15,170 | 2.2 (1.8–2.7) | 30.8 (29.5–32.2) | 66.9 (65.6–68.3) |
Marital status | ||||
Married/partnered | 59,208 | 3.7 (3.4–4.0) | 30.9 (30.1–31.6) | 65.4 (64.6–66.2) |
Single/separated/divorced or widowed | 38,597 | 4.4 (4.0–4.8) | 32.3 (31.3–33.3) | 63.3 (62.2–64.3) |
Annual household income | ||||
<$20,000 | 11,039 | 6.1 (5.2–7.0) | 25.9 (24.1–27.6) | 68.1 (66.2–70.0) |
$20,000–$49,999 | 31,555 | 4.0 (3.6–4.4) | 31.4 (30.3–32.5) | 64.6 (63.4–65.7) |
$50,000–$99,999 | 33,335 | 3.8 (3.4–4.3) | 33.0 (32.0–34.1) | 63.1 (62.1–64.2) |
≥$100,000 | 18,357 | 3.0 (2.4–3.6) | 34.2 (32.9–35.5) | 62.8 (61.4–64.2) |
Unspecified | 3519 | 3.1 (2.1–4.0) | 27.8 (24.7–30.9) | 69.1 (65.9–72.3) |
U.S. region | ||||
Northeast | 17,685 | 3.3 (2.8–3.8) | 30.7 (29.5–32.0) | 66.0 (64.7–67.3) |
Midwest | 20,255 | 4.4 (3.9–4.9) | 35.1 (34.0–36.2) | 60.5 (59.4–61.7) |
South | 38,595 | 4.3 (3.9–4.8) | 31.3 (30.3–32.3) | 64.4 (63.3–65.4) |
West | 21,270 | 3.7 (3.1–4.3) | 28.8 (27.2–30.3) | 67.5 (65.9–69.1) |
Sexual orientation | ||||
Heterosexual/straight | 94,698 | 4.0 (3.7–4.2) | 31.5 (30.9–32.2) | 64.5 (63.8–65.1) |
LGBT | 2180 | 3.6 (2.3–4.8) | 36.9 (32.6–41.2) | 59.5 (55.2–63.9) |
Unspecified | 927 | 6.9 (3.4–10.3) | 13.9 (9.6–18.3) | 79.2 (73.8–84.6) |
Children ≤17 years old living in household | ||||
Yes | 30,626 | 3.0 (2.6–3.5) | 28.8 (27.7–29.8) | 68.2 (67.1–69.3) |
No | 67,179 | 4.7 (4.4–5.0) | 33.4 (32.6–34.1) | 62.0 (61.2–62.7) |
Tobacco usec | ||||
Combustible only | 13,665 | 8.7 (7.8–9.6) | 43.5 (41.8–45.1) | 47.9 (46.2–49.5) |
Noncombustible only | 527 | 5.2 (2.4–8.0) | 32.6 (25.3–40.0) | 62.1 (54.6–69.7) |
Combustible & Noncombustible | 1080 | 9.2 (6.5–12.0) | 50.1 (44.8–55.4) | 40.7 (35.5–46.0) |
No tobacco use | 49,778 | 2.0 (1.7–2.2) | 21.5 (20.7–22.4) | 76.5 (75.6–77.3) |
Population coverage of smoke-free lawsb | ||||
100 % state laws | 46,285 | 4.0 (3.6–4.4) | 31.1 (30.3–31.9) | 64.9 (64.1–65.8) |
20–99 % state laws | 15,902 | 4.3 (3.6–4.9) | 33.6 (31.8–35.4) | 62.1 (60.3–64.0) |
1–19 % state laws | 16,333 | 3.7 (3.1–4.3) | 29.1 (27.5–30.7) | 67.2 (65.5–68.9) |
0 % state or local laws | 17,785 | 4.2 (3.7–4.7) | 33.8 (32.6–35.0) | 62.0 (60.8–63.2) |