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Table 3 Percent and adjusted odds ratios of U.S. adults who think breathing smoke from other people’s cigarettes or other tobacco products was ‘very harmful’ overall by tobacco use statusa and selected characteristics—National Adult Tobacco Survey (NATS) 2009–2010

From: Perceptions of harm from secondhand smoke exposure among U.S. adults, 2009–2010

 

Combustible only

Noncombustible only

Combustible & Noncombustible

No tobacco use

Overall

(n = 5648)

(n = 297)

(n = 441)

(n = 38,074)

(n = 44,460)

Characteristics

%

AOR (95 % CI)b

%

AOR (95 % CI)b

%

AOR (95 % CI)b

%

AOR (95 % CI)b

%

AOR (95 % CI)b

Overall

47.9 (46.2–49.5)

0.3 (0.20.4)

62.1 (54.3–69.4)

0.7 (0.50.9)

40.7 (35.6–46.0)

0.3 (0.20.4)

76.5 (75.6–77.3)

1.00

67.3 (66.5–68.0)

e

Sex

 Male

45.1 (42.6–47.7)

1.00

59.6 (51.0–67.6)

1.00

40.6 (35.1–46.2)

1.00

70.3 (68.4–72.2)

1.00

58.7 (57.2–60.2)

1.00

 Female

50.8 (48.7–52.9)

1.3 (1.10.5)

77.3 (61.5–87.9)

1.6 (0.6–4.0)

42.1 (27.4–58.4)

1.0 (0.5–2.1)

79.2 (78.4–80.1)

1.7 (1.51.9)

72.8 (72.0–73.6)

1.6 (1.41.7)

Age (years)

 18–24

55.2 (50.5–59.8)

1.00

70.5 (49.5–85.4)

1.00

44.3 (34.6–54.4)

1.00

74.5 (71.6–77.1)

1.00

66.3 (63.9–68.7)

1.00

 25–44

53.8 (51.0–56.5)

0.9 (0.7–1.2)

59.3 (47.2–70.4)

0.4 (0.2–1.2)

37.9 (31.0–45.2)

0.6 (0.4–1.0)

78.0 (76.4–79.6)

1.0 (0.8–1.3)

68.8 (67.4–70.2)

1.0 (0.8–1.1)

 45–64

39.8 (37.5–42.1)

0.6 (0.50.8)

59.9 (48.1–70.6)

0.6 (0.2–1.6)

39.0 (28.7–50.4)

0.7 (0.4–1.3)

75.8 (74.6–77.0)

1.0 (0.9–1.2)

64.6 (63.4–65.7)

0.8 (0.70.9)

 ≥65

33.8 (29.7–38.3)

0.5 (0.40.6)

65.1 (45.4–80.8)

0.4 (0.1–1.6)

55.9 (34.9–74.9)

1.7 (0.7–4.3)

76.0 (74.6–77.4)

1.1 (0.0–1.4)

70.0 (68.5–71.4)

0.9 (0.8–1.1)

Race/ethnicity

 White, non-Hispanic

41.8 (40.0–43.5)

1.00

59.6 (51.2–67.6)

1.00

35.2 (30.1–40.8)

1.00

73.0 (72.1–73.8)

1.00

62.6 (61.8–63.4)

1.00

 Black, non-Hispanic

60.4 (56.0–64.7)

2.1 (1.72.6)

64.1 (37.1–84.4)

1.1 (0.4–3.2)

69.4 (45.4–86.1)

6.3 (2.2–8.1)

83.1 (80.8–85.3)

1.9 (1.62.3)

76.3 (74.2–78.3)

2.0 (1.72.3)

 Asian, non-Hispanic

48.0 (33.4–63.0)

1.2 (0.6–2.3)

e

e

12.6 (1.3–61.4)

0.2 (0.0–3.4)

82.7 (73.8–89.1)

1.8 (1.13.0)

78.3 (70.7–84.3)

1.7 (1.12.5)

 AI/AN, non-Hispanic

53.9 (43.4–64.0)

1.6 (1.12.4)

d

0.2 (0.0–2.1)

d

1.33 (0.6–3.1)

81.1 (71.0–88.3)

1.6 (0.9–2.7)

65.0 (58.4–71.0)

1.5 (1.12.0)

 NH/PI, non-Hispanic

58.2 (39.6–74.8)

1.7 (0.7–3.9)

e

e

65.1 (17.3–94.3)

2.9 (0.4–21.0)

76.2 (59.7–87.4)

1.1 (0.5–2.5)

70.4 (58.5–80.0)

1.4 (0.8–2.5)

 Non-Hispanic, multirace

47.5 (36.4–58.8)

1.1 (0.7–1.7)

d

0.6 (0.1–3.5)

d

2.9 (0.7–11.9)

80.4 (73.2–86.0)

1.5 (1.0–2.3)

66.5 (60.2–72.3)

1.3 (1.0–1.7)

 Non-Hispanic, other

57.9 (36.7–76.6)

1.7 (0.7–4.1)

96.5 (75.5–99.6)

50.9 (5.0–514.6)

78.5 (35.3–96.1)

8.2 (0.3–202.5)

86.7 (72.8–94.1)

2.3 (1.0–5.6)

74.8 (63.6–83.5)

2.1 (1.23.8)

 Hispanic

63.8 (56.8–70.3)

1.9 (1.42.7)

86.3 (45.4–98.0)

7.8 (0.6–109.8)

96.7 (85.7–99.3)

3.3 (1.4–7.8)

82.7 (79.5–85.5)

1.8 (1.42.2)

77.3 (74.3–80.1)

1.8 (1.52.2)

Education

 0–12 years (no diploma)

56.5 (51.9–61.0)

1.00

73.5 (59.0–84.2)

1.00

45.3 (32.7–58.5)

1.00

77.9 (74.5–81.0)

1.00

68.8 (66.1–71.4)

1.00

 GED

50.4 (42.7–58.0)

0.8 (0.6–1.2)

d

0.6 (0.1–3.8)

49.3 (28.8–70.0)

1.8 (0.7–4.6)

73.7 (65.9–80.2)

0.8 (0.6–1.2)

59.2 (53.8–64.4)

0.9 (0.7–1.2)

 High school graduate

44.7 (41.8–47.6)

0.7 (0.60.9)

68.3 (54.4–79.6)

0.7 (0.3–2.0)

36.9 (29.1–45.3)

0.9 (0.5–1.7)

75.3 (73.5–77.0)

1.0 (0.8–1.3)

64.7 (63.2–66.2)

0.9 (0.8–1.0)

 Some college (no degree)

45.3 (41.8–48.9)

0.7 (0.60.9)

48.3 (28.3–68.8)

0.4 (0.1–1.2)

41.9 (30.8–53.8)

1.1 (0.5–2.3)

75.7 (73.8–77.5)

1.0 (0.8–1.3)

66.0 (64.3–67.7)

0.9 (0.74–1.0)

 Associate degree

49.3 (45.4–53.3)

0.9 (0.7–1.1)

39.7 (22.3–60.3)

0.1 (0.00.5)

34.4 (23.9–46.8)

1.0 (0.5–2.2)

79.1 (77.4–80.7)

1.3 (1.0–1.6)

69.5 (67.8–71.2)

1.0 (0.9–1.2)

 Undergraduate degree

41.0 (37.2–44.8)

0.7 (0.50.9)

58.6 (36.8–77.5)

0.5 (0.1–1.8)

40.7 (26.3–57.0)

1.4 (0.6–3.6)

75.7 (74.2–77.1)

1.1 (0.9–1.4)

68.9 (67.5–70.3)

0.9 (0.8–1.1)

 Graduate degree

40.4 (34.7–46.4)

0.7 (0.50.9)

d

0.1 (0.00.7)

d

1.0 (0.3–3.3)

76.6 (75.0–78.2)

1.1 (0.9–1.4)

71.6 (69.9–73.2)

1.0 (0.8–1.1)

Marital status

 Married/partnered

48.4 (46.1–50.7)

1.1 (1.0–1.3)

95.4 (89.7–98.0)

2.0 (0.9–4.1)

41.2 (34.0–48.9)

1.0 (0.6–1.5)

76.7 (75.7–77.8)

1.1 (1.0–1.2)

68.6 (67.6–69.6)

1.1 (1.1–1.2)

 Single/separated/ divorced or widowed

47.4 (45.0–49.7)

1.00

94.0 (88.5–97.0)

1.00

40.3 (33.2–47.7)

1.00

76.1 (74.7–77.5)

1.00

65.6 (64.4–66.8)

1.00

Annual household income

 <$20,000

53.7 (49.8–57.4)

1.00

63.7 (54.5–71.9)

1.00

40.3 (27.2–55.0)

1.00

81.2 (78.8–83.4)

1.00

69.2 (67.0–71.3)

1.00

 $20,000–$49,999

47.9 (45.3–50.6)

0.8 (0.7–1.0)

60.1 (46.7–72.2)

0.5 (0.2–1.5)

37.4 (29.6–45.8)

1.0 (0.5–1.9)

76.4 (74.7–78.0)

0.8 (0.70.9)

66.2 (64.8–67.6)

0.8 (0.70.9)

 $50,000–$99,999

42.3 (39.2–45.5)

0.7 (0.60.9)

62.1 (54.3–69.4)

0.3 (0.10.9)

47.7 (38.0–57.5)

1.8 (0.9–3.8)

75.7 (74.4–77.0)

0.8 (0.70.9)

66.8 65.5–68.1)

0.8 (0.70.9)

 ≥$100,000

44.5 (39.3–49.8)

0.8 (0.6–1.1)

77.5 (59.8–88.8)

0.3 (0.1–1.2)

30.9 (19.6–45.0)

0.7 (0.3–1.6)

74.8 (73.0–76.5)

0.8 (0.60.9)

67.4 (65.5–69.2)

0.9 (0.70.9)

 Unspecified

58.2 (50.1–66.0)

1.1 (0.8–1.6)

d

0.2 (0.00.8)

60.6 (39.2–78.6)

2.6 (0.9–7.3)

75.3 (71.2–79.0)

0.8 (0.6–1.0)

70.8 (67.1–74.2)

0.9 (0.7–1.1)

U.S. region indicator

 Northeast

49.2 (45.7–52.8)

1.1 (0.9– 1.4)

68.6 (46.8–84.4)

3.2 (0.8–12.9)

45.1 (31.6–59.4)

1.0 (0.4–2.3)

76.2 (74.6–77.8)

0.9 (0.8–1.1)

68.4 (66.9–70.0)

1.0 (0.9–1.1)

 Midwest

43.6 40.4–46.8)

0.8 (0.7–1.0)

56.1 (40.6–70.6)

1.1 (0.4–3.2)

32.6 (23.3–43.5)

0.6 (0.3–1.2)

73.3 (71.8–74.8)

0.8 (0.70.9)

63.1 (61.6–64.5)

0.8 (0.70.9)

 South

48.4 45.8–50.9)

1.0 (0.8–1.2)

64.8 (53.6–74.5)

2.2 (0.8–6.2)

42.0 (34.6–49.7)

0.7 (0.4–1.3)

76.9 (75.5–78.2)

1.0 (0.8–1.1)

67.2 (65.9–68.4)

1.0 (0.8–1.1)

 West

50.5 46.0–54.9)

1.00

59.5 (39.5–76.7)

1.00

45.0 (32.7–58.1)

1.00

78.9 (76.7–81.0)

1.00

70.5 (68.5–72.5)

1.00

Sexual orientation

 Heterosexual/straight

47.7 46.0–49.4)

1.00

62.0 (54.1–69.4)

1.00

41.3 (36.2–46.7)

1.00

76.4 (75.5–77.2)

1.00

67.2 (66.5–68.0)

1.00

 LGBT

47.3 (39.1–55.7)

0.9 (0.6–1.2)

80.4 (4.5–97.0)

1.5 (0.1–21.1)

d

0.2 (0.0–1.1)

74.6 67.5–80.5)

1.0 (0.7–1.4)

60.7 (55.2–66.0)

0.9 (0.7–1.1)

 Unspecified

63.7 (41.4–81.3)

1.5 (0.6–3.9)

d

0.0 (0.00.5)

81.9 (41.8–96.6)

8.1 (1.2–56.3)

83.3 (76.8–88.3)

1.3 (0.8–2.0)

80.2 (73.5–85.5)

1.3 (0.9–1.9)

Children ≤17 years old living in household

 Yes

56.7 (53.9–59.4)

1.4 (1.21.6)

66.1 (54.9–75.8)

2.0 (1.14.0)

42.8 (35.0–51.0)

1.4 (0.9–2.3)

79.1 (77.7–80.4)

1.2 (1.11.4)

71.5 (70.2–72.8)

1.3 (1.11.4)

 No

41.4 (39.4–43.4)

1.00

58.9 (48.1–68.9)

1.00

38.9 (32.3–45.9)

1.00

74.6 (73.5–75.6)

1.00

64.1 (63.2–65.1)

1.00

Population coverage of smoke-free lawsc

 100 % state laws

48.7 (46.4–51.1)

1.2 (1.0–1.4)

65.3 (52.1–76.5)

2.9 (1.17.4)

37.3 (29.8–45.5)

0.5 (0.30.9)

77.0 (75.9–78.0)

1.2 (1.11.3)

68.1 (67.1–69.2)

1.1 (1.11.3)

 20–99 % state laws

48.4 (44.0–52.8)

1.1 (0.9–1.4)

69.3 (56.6–79.7)

3.2 (1.28.3)

39.0 (27.3–52.1)

0.6 (0.3–1.2)

78.5 (76.1–80.6)

1.2 (1.0–1.3)

69.2 (67.1–71.2)

1.1 (1.0–1.2)

 1–19 % state laws

47.5 (43.2–52.0)

1.1 (0.9–1.4)

51.8 (30.2–72.7)

1.3 (0.5–3.6)

40.2 (27.8–54.0)

0.7 (0.3–1.4)

75.0 (72.3–77.5)

1.0 (0.9–1.2)

65.4 (63.1–67.6)

1.0 (0.9–1.1)

 0 % state or local laws

45.2 (42.0–48.5)

1.00

57.7 (43.3–70.9)

1.00

48.1 (38.4–57.9)

1.00

73.6 (72.0–75.2)

1.00

64.0 (62.5–65.5)

1.00

  1. Abbreviation: AOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval, AI/AN American Indian/Alaska Native, NH/PI Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, GED Graduate Equivalency Degree, LGBT Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, or Transgender
  2. aCombustible only was defined as those who reported smoking at least 100 cigarettes during their lifetime and who currently smoke cigarettes, and/or use cigars/cigarillos/little cigars, pipes, water pipe/hookah, and do not use chewing tobacco/snuff/dip or snus. Noncombustible only was defined as those who reported using chewing tobacco/snuff/dip or snus on ≥1 day during the past 30 days and do not currently smoke cigarettes, and/or use cigars/cigarillos/little cigars, pipes, water pipe/hookah. Combustible and noncombustible users are those who use both combustible and noncombustible tobacco products. No tobacco users are those who do not currently use any combustible or noncombustible products
  3. bAdjusted odds ratios were computed using a binary logistic regression model adjusted for all covariates listed in the table; additionally, tobacco use was included in the overall model. Statistically significant odds ratios are noted in bold. For tobacco use status in the overall model, the overall prevalence and adjusted OR for combustible only users was 47.9 (46.2–49.5) AOR = 0.3 (0.2–0.4); noncombustible only users was 62.1 (54.3–69.4), AOR = 0.7 (0.5–0.9); combustible and noncombustible users was 40.7 (35.6–46.0), AOR = 0.3 (0.2–0.4); and no tobacco users was 76.5 (75.6–77.3), AOR = 1.00 (referent)
  4. cPopulation coverage of smoke-free laws was based on the ANRF’s U.S. Tobacco Control Laws Database© and represents the percent of the population covered by state and/or local comprehensive smoke-free laws as of July 1, 2010
  5. dRelative SE >30 %
  6. ePoint estimate was 100 % and adjusted odds ratio could not be calculated due to zero cell count in nontobacco users