Correlates of smoking among youth: the role of parents, friends, attitudes/beliefs, and demographics

Table 5 Change in susceptibility from time-one to follow-up by independent variables (n = 1999)

	Change in susceptibility T¹ – T²
	Decrease		No change		Increase
T¹ independent variable status	N	%	N	%	N	%
Demographics
Age
<14	127	19.1	320	44.5	262	36.4
14–15	192	27.2	331	46.9	182	25.9
16>	158	27.9	271	47.8	138	24.3
Gender
Female	255	25.3	494	49.0	259	25.7
Male	235	23.7	432	43.6	324	32.7
Race/Ethnicity
White	346	23.9	699	48.2	404	27.9
African American	46	26.4	69	39.7	59	33.9
Hispanic	70	29.5	95	40.2	72	30.4
Other	25	20.2	54	43.5	45	36.3
Parent characteristics
Mother’s education
College Grad	321	25.5	582	46.3	255	28.2
Some college	77	22.4	147	42.9	119	34.7
HS Grad	62	21.8	151	53.2	71	25.0
Less than HS	18	29.0	24	38.7	20	32.3
Parent smokes
No	447	24.2	863	46.7	536	29.0
Yes	43	28.1	63	41.2	47	30.7
Family engagement
No. of days eat together
<3	116	25.6	212	46.8	125	27.6
3–5	158	21.7	338	46.4	233	32.0
6>	213	26.6	370	46.2	218	27.2
No. times do things for fun
<2	151	23.9	298	47.2	182	28.8
2–4	273	25.3	506	46.9	299	27.7
5>	64	24.1	111	41.7	91	34.2
Parent monitoring
No. of four best friends parents know well
0–1	88	27.4	156	48.6	77	24.0
2–3	226	23.3	339	46.2	296	30.5
4	176	25.0	319	45.3	209	29.7
No. four best friend’s parents parents know well
0–1	33	20.8	79	49.7	47	29.6
2–3	194	25.8	347	46.1	211	28.1
4	263	24.2	498	45.9	324	29.9
Your parents tell on friend smoking
No	432	24.1	822	45.9	535	29.9
Not sure	57	27.8	101	49.3	47	22.9
Yes
Friend’s parents tell on you smoking
No/Not sure	453	24.4	846	45.6	556	30.0
Yes	37	26.2	78	55.3	36	18.4

ISSN: 1617-9625