Table 1 Social demography and smoking status variables among elderly aged 60Â years and above in Malaysia
Variable | Non smoker | Ex-smoker | Current smoker | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | N | n | % | 95 CI | N | n | % | 95 CI | N | n | % | 95 CI |
Gender | ||||||||||||
 Male | 483861 | 576 | 48.7 | 44.8-52.6 | 230512 | 307 | 23.2 | 20.2-26.5 | 279034 | 395 | 28.1 | 24.8-31.6 |
 Female | 980332 | 1355 | 93.7 | 91.9-95.1 | 35855 | 62 | 3.4 | 2.5-4.7 | 30552 | 44 | 2.9 | 1.9-4.4 |
Ethnic | ||||||||||||
 Malay | 857583 | 969 | 65.8 | 62.8-68.7 | 144308 | 229 | 14.4 | 12.3-16.9 | 196808 | 302 | 19.7 | 17.1-22.6 |
 Chinese | 601387 | 633 | 79.9 | 76.1-83.1 | 84642 | 81 | 11.2 | 8.7-14.4 | 67637 | 77 | 9.0 | 6.9-11.7 |
 Indian | 100772 | 177 | 85.0 | 76.9-90.6 | 9398 | 12 | 7.9 | 4.0-12.2 | 8424 | 14 | 7.1 | 3.8-14.3 |
 Others Bumiputra | 98016 | 127 | 61.4 | 52.3-69.8 | 27593 | 42 | 17.3 | 12.0-24.3 | 34046 | 36 | 21.3 | 13.7-31.6 |
Age group | ||||||||||||
 60–64 | 553099 | 701 | 72.3 | 68.7-75.6 | 81248 | 108 | 10.6 | 8.5-13.2 | 131071 | 180 | 17.1 | 14.2-20.3 |
 65–69 | 356419 | 467 | 72.3 | 67.8-76.4 | 62668 | 92 | 12.8 | 9.9-16.3 | 73698 | 109 | 14.9 | 11.8-18.7 |
 70–74 | 261724 | 372 | 71.6 | 66.2-76.4 | 51910 | 81 | 14.2 | 10.8-18.3 | 51991 | 80 | 14.2 | 10.4-19.1 |
  > 75 | 29292 | 391 | 70.4 | 63.4-74.9 | 70340 | 88 | 16.9 | 13.3-21.3 | 52826 | 71 | 12.7 | 9.3-17.1 |
Income level | ||||||||||||
  < RM 1000 | 515345 | 737 | 69.8 | 66.2-73.2 | 103963 | 145 | 13.6 | 11.1-16.4 | 127267 | 177 | 16.6 | 13.7-20.6 |
 RM 1000-1999 | 274426 | 388 | 73.3 | 68.8-77.4 | 44529 | 71 | 11.9 | 8.8-15.9 | 55426 | 98 | 14.8 | 11.7-19.6 |
 RM 2000-2999 | 212690 | 268 | 72.2 | 66.5-77.8 | 33326 | 54 | 11.4 | 8.3-15.5 | 47250 | 72 | 17.4 | 12.8-23.1 |
  > RM 3000 | 131672 | 177 | 64.4 | 56.2-71.8 | 31007 | 34 | 15.2 | 10.0-22.3 | 41793 | 48 | 20.4 | 13.7-29.3 |
Marital status | ||||||||||||
 Married | 910293 | 1162 | 65.7 | 62.7-68.6 | 217695 | 293 | 15.7 | 13.7-18.0 | 256896 | 356 | 18.8 | 16.1-21.3 |
 Single | 553901 | 769 | 84.5 | 81.3-87.3 | 48672 | 76 | 7.4 | 5.6-9.8 | 52691 | 84 | 8.0 | 6.1-10.6 |
Locality | ||||||||||||
 Urban | 993586 | 1027 | 75.1 | 72.3-77.8 | 162279 | 173 | 12.3 | 10.2-14.6 | 166714 | 172 | 12.6 | 10.4-15.2 |
 Rural | 470608 | 904 | 65.6 | 62.3-68.7 | 104088 | 196 | 14.5 | 12.3-17.0 | 142873 | 268 | 19.9 | 17.2-23.0 |
Education attainment | ||||||||||||
 Not schooling | 408497 | 625 | 77.4 | 73.6-80.8 | 53329 | 86 | 10.1 | 7.9-12.9 | 65793 | 99 | 12.5 | 9.8-15.8 |
 Primary | 704132 | 915 | 70.0 | 66,8-72.9 | 130919 | 188 | 13.0 | 11.0-15.3 | 171479 | 255 | 17.0 | 14.7-19.7 |
 Secondary | 257245 | 282 | 70.6 | 64.1-76.4 | 51709 | 65 | 14.2 | 10.4-19.1 | 55362 | 67 | 15.2 | 10.7-21.1 |
 Tertiary | 70785 | 81 | 64.9 | 53.7-74.8 | 25985 | 24 | 23.8 | 15.2-35.2 | 12264 | 12 | 11.2 | 5.4-21.8 |
Hypertension | ||||||||||||
 Known | 623911 | 836 | 77.6 | 74.3-80.8 | 107643 | 142 | 13.4 | 11.1-16.1 | 70702 | 96 | 8.8 | 6.8-11.4 |
 No/not known | 832834 | 1084 | 67.8 | 63.9-70.5 | 158724 | 227 | 12.9 | 11.0-15.1 | 237018 | 340 | 19.3 | 16.8-22.4 |
Hypochloterolemia | ||||||||||||
 Known | 329345 | 402 | 75.5 | 70.2-80.1 | 66980 | 89 | 15.4 | 11.7-19.9 | 39757 | 43 | 9.1 | 6.1-13.4 |
 No/not known | 1112136 | 1502 | 70.6 | 68.2-72.9 | 195862 | 275 | 12.4 | 10.8-14.3 | 267369 | 392 | 17.0 | 14.9-19.2 |
Diabetes | ||||||||||||
 Known | 335162 | 467 | 74.6 | 69.9-77.8 | 73449 | 97 | 16.4 | 10.7-20.8 | 40575 | 60 | 9.0 | 6.6-12.2 |
 No/not known | 1111730 | 1443 | 71.2 | 68.6-73.6 | 189932 | 267 | 12.2 | 10.5-14.1 | 260500 | 368 | 16.7 | 14.5-19.1 |