From: Tobacco cues in India: An ecological momentary assessment
 | MP tobacco use | EOD tobacco use | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Total | No | Yes |  | Total | No | Yes |  |
 |  | N (%) | N (%) | P |  | N (%) | N (%) | P |
 |  | 136 (66.3) | 69 (33.66) |  |  | 128 (62.4) | 77 (37.56) |  |
Agea | 24.99 (6.15) | 24.81 (6.07) | 25.35 (6.33) | 0.55 | Agea | 24.99 (6.15) | 26.34 (6.80) | < 0.05 |
Sex | ||||||||
 Male | 135 (65.85) | 80 (58.82) | 55 (79.71) | < 0.01 | 135 (65.85) | 79 (61.72) | 56 (72.73) | 0.11 |
 Female | 70 (34.15) | 56 (41.18) | 14 (20.29) | 70 (34.15) | 49 (38.28) | 21 (27.28) | ||
Education level | ||||||||
  < College degree | 133 (65.84) | 89 (66.92) | 44 (63.77) | 0.65 | 133 (65.84) | 88 (69.84) | 45 (59.21) | 0.12 |
  ≥ College degree | 69 (34.16) | 44 (33.08) | 25 (36.23) | 69 (34.16) | 38 (30.16) | 31 (40.79) | ||
Employment status | ||||||||
 Employed | 58 (28.29) | 34 (25.00) | 24 (34.78) | 0.27 | 58 (28.29) | 32 (25.00) | 26 (33.77) | 0.34 |
 Unemployed | 28 (13.66) | 21 (15.44) | 7 (10.14) | 28 (13.66) | 17 (13.28) | 11 (14.29) | ||
 Student | 119 (58.05) | 81 (59.56) | 38 (55.07) | 119 (58.05) | 79 (61.72) | 40 (51.95) | ||
Car ownershipb | ||||||||
 No | 78 (39.00) | 51 (38.06) | 27 (40.91) | 0.70 | 78 (39.00) | 50 (39.68) | 28 (37.84) | 0.80 |
 Yes | 122 (61.00) | 83 (61.94) | 39 (59.09) | 122 (61.00) | 76 (60.32) | 46 (62.16) | ||
Saw others using tobacco (in one’s group) | ||||||||
 No | 154 (75.12) | 127 (93.38) | 27 (39.13) | < 0.001 | 106 (51.71) | 93 (72.66) | 13 (16.88) | < 0.001 |
 Yes | 51 (24.88) | 9 (6.62) | 42 (60.87) |  | 99 (48.29) | 35 (27.34) | 64 (83.12) |  |
Saw others using tobacco (in one’s view) | ||||||||
 No | 117 (57.07) | 93 (68.38) | 24 (34.78) | < 0.001 | 88 (42.93) | 66 (51.56) | 22 (28.57) | < 0.01 |
 Yes | 88 (42.93) | 43 (31.62) | 45 (65.22) |  | 117 (57.07) | 62 (48.44) | 55 (71.43) |  |
Saw visual cues of tobacco use | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
 No | 86 (41.95) | 68 (50.00) | 18 (26.09) | < 0.01 | 65 (31.71) | 57 (44.53) | 8 (10.39) | < 0.001 |
 Yes | 119 (58.05) | 68 (50.00) | 51 (73.91) |  | 140 (68.29) | 71 (55.47) | 69 (89.61) |  |
Smelled olfactory cues of tobacco use | ||||||||
 No | 42 (20.49) | 42 (30.88) | 0 (0.00) | < 0.001* | 61 (29.76) | 54 (42.19) | 7 (9.09) | < 0.001 |
 Yes | 163 (79.51) | 94 (69.12) | 69 (100.00) |  | 144 (70.24) | 74 (57.81) | 70 (90.91) |  |
Saw pro-tobacco messages | ||||||||
 No | 89 (43.41) | 73 (53.68) | 16 (23.19) | < 0.001 | 150 (73.17) | 110 (85.94) | 40 (51.95) | < 0.001 |
 Yes | 116 (56.59) | 63 (46.32) | 53 (76.81) |  | 55 (26.83) | 18 (14.06) | 37 (48.05) |  |
Saw anti-tobacco messages | ||||||||
 No | 48 (23.41) | 38 (27.94) | 10 (14.49) | < 0.05 | 85 (41.46) | 70 (54.69) | 15 (19.48) | < 0.001 |
 Yes | 157 (76.59) | 98 (72.06) | 59 (85.51) |  | 120 (58.54) | 58 (45.31) | 62 (80.52) |  |
Saw restrictions of tobacco use | ||||||||
 No | 24 (11.71) | 13 (9.56) | 11 (15.94) | 0.179 | Not Available | |||
 Yes | 181 (88.29) | 123 (90.44) | 58 (84.06) |  |