An experimental study of the effects of electronic cigarette warnings on young adult nonsmokers’ perceptions and behavioral intentions

Table 2 Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) results for perceptions of e-cigarettes, thoughts about not using e-cigarettes, and behavioral intentions to use e-cigarettes

	Perceived harms of e-cigarettes			Perceived addictiveness of e-cigarettes			Perceived harms of e-cigarettes relative to cigarettes			Perceived addictiveness of e-cigarettes relative to cigarettes			Thoughts about not using e-cigarettes			Intentions to use e-cigarettes
	F	P	η²	F	P	η²	F	P	η²	F	P	η²	F	P	η²	F	P	η²
Main effects
Ad/Warning condition	13.54	<.001	.060	10.35	<.001	.047	3.12	.045	.015	7.11	<.001	.032	81.57	<.001	.278	1.80	.167	.008
E-cigarette brand	1.28	.279	.006	.20	.817	.001	.39	.677	.002	.95	.389	.004	1.50	.224	.007	.68	.505	.003
Interaction Effect
Ad/Warning condition x	.24	.918	.002	.83	.508	.008	.21	.933	.002	.59	.670	.006	2.29	.059	.021	.47	.758	.004
E-cigarette brand	.24	.918	.002	.83	.508	.008	.21	.933	.002	.59	.670	.006	2.29	.059	.021	.47	.758	.004
Covariates
Ever used an e-cigarette	16.61	<.001	.038	12.32	<.001	.028	14.01	<.001	.032	9.87	.002	.023	15.09	<.001	.034	186.34	<.001	.305
E-cigarette advertising exposure	.58	.445	.001	1.36	.244	.003	2.18	.141	.005	1.19	.275	.003	.06	.810	<.001	.02	.891	<.001

ISSN: 1617-9625