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Table 1 Factors associated with life satisfaction amongst employed individuals in 28 European Union Member States (N = 11,788)

From: The association between occupational secondhand smoke exposure and life satisfaction among adults in the European Union

 

Life satisfaction

Outcome: life satisfaction

Unadjusted OR (95% CI)

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

Occupational SHS exposure

 No (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

 Yes

0.70 (0.63 – 0.79)

0.72 (0.60 – 0.87)

Smoking status/occupational SHS exposure

 Never smoker * exposed to SHS(Ref.)

1.00

1.00

 Ex-smoker * exposed to SHS

0.91 (0.67 – 1.26)

0.99 (0.69 – 1.41)

 Light smoker * exposed to SHS

1.39 (0.86 – 2.25)

1.57 (0.92 – 2.68)

 Moderate smoker * exposed to SHS

1.50 (1.09 – 2.06)

1.30 (0.92 – 1.85)

 Heavy smoker * exposed to SHS

1.26 (0.92 – 1.72)

1.21 (0.86 – 1.70)

Smoking status

 Never smoker (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

 Ex-smoker

1.04 (0.90 – 1.21)

1.09 (0.89 – 1.34)

 Light smoker (<10 cigarettes per day)

0.76 (0.61 – 0.94)

0.71 (0.53 – 0.96)

 Moderate smoker (10–20 cigarettes per day)

0.66 (0.57 – 0.77)

0.76 (0.62 – 0.93)

 Heavy smoker (≥20 cigarettes per day)

0.46 (0.39 – 0.54)

0.60 (0.47 – 0.76)

Age (years)

  ≥ 55 (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

 40-54

1.03 (0.90 – 1.18)

1.03 (0.88 – 1.20)

 25-39

1.53 (1.21 – 1.77)

1.56 (1.31 – 1.86)

 18-24

1.39 (1.07 – 1.80)

1.64 (1.20 – 2.24)

Gender

 Female (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

 Male

1.04 (0.93 – 1.15)

1.05 (0.93 – 1.18)

Area of residence

 Rural (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

 Urban

1.01 (0.90 – 1.13)

0.91 (0.79 – 1.03)

Difficulty in paying bills

 Never/Almost never (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

 Time to time/Most of the time

0.22 (0.19 – 0.24)

0.28 (0.25 – 0.32)

Age when full-time education was stopped (years)

  ≤ 15 (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

 16-19

1.92 (1.59 – 2.31)

1.35 (1.10 – 1.66)

 20+

3.43 (2.82 – 4.17)

1.54 (1.23 – 1.94)

Marital status

 Married/Cohabitation (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

 Unmarried

0.60 (0.52 – 0.70)

0.57 (0.48 – 0.67)

 Divorced/Separated/Widowed

0.33 (0.29 – 0.39)

0.45 (0.38 – 0.53)

Social class

 Working class (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

 Lower Middle class

1.27 (1.10 – 1.47)

1.10 (0.94 – 1.29)

 Middle class

3.57 (3.14 – 4.06)

2.38 (2.05 – 2.76)

 Upper middle/higher class

7.09 (5.20 – 9.67)

3.49 (2.48 – 4.90)

Occupation

 Manual workers (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

 Other non-manual workers

1.64 (1.44 – 1.86)

1.16 (0.99 – 1.35)

 Self-employed

1.58 (1.36 – 1.85)

1.17 (0.97 – 1.40)

 Managers

2.43 (2.08 – 2.84)

1.14 (0.94 – 1.39)

Tobacco Control Scale Smoke-free score (per 1-point increase)

1.09 (1.00 – 1.18)

1.06 (0.99 – 1.13)

Smoking prevalence (per a 1% increase)

0.89 (0.85 – 0.94)

0.93 (0.89 – 0.98)