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Table 2 Bivariate analysis of reported exposures to e-cigarettes from European poison Centers, 2012–2015

From: Characteristics and outcomes of e-cigarette exposure incidents reported to 10 European Poison Centers: a retrospective data analysis

 

All

≤5 years

6-18 years

Adults

(≥19 years)

p-value

Intentional

Unintentional

p-value

No effect

Effect

p-value

 

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

 

%

n

%

n

 

%

n

%

n

 

Age

 5 years

33.2

92

.

.

.

.

.

.

 

5.5

4

44.4

87

<0.001

45.1

37

22.2

28

0.002

 6-18 years

9.8

27

  

.

.

.

.

 

11.0

8

8.7

17

8.5

7

12.7

16

 ≥19 years

57.0

158

.

.

.

.

.

.

 

84.7

61

46.9

92

 

46.3

38

65.6

82

 

Gender

 Female

49.4

115

50.8

34

37.5

9

52.8

75

0.381

55.9

38

47.8

75

0.264

50.0

39

51.2

63

0.866

 Male

50.6

118

49.3

33

62.5

15

47.2

67

44.1

30

52.2

82

50.0

39

48.8

60

Exposure route

 Ingestion

67.8

187

87.0

80

59.3

16

57.6

91

<0.001

54.8

40

71.9

141

0.008

74.4

61

54.8

69

0.004

 Respiratory

16.3

45

5.4

5

22.2

6

22.2

35

0.002

41.1

30

7.1

14

<0.001

9.8

8

28.6

36

0.001

 Dermal

9.1

25

5.4

5

11.1

3

10.8

17

0.339

1.4

1

12.2

24

0.006

13.4

11

7.9

10

0.200

 Ocular

7.6

21

2.2

2

3.7

1

11.4

18

0.021

0.0

0

10.7

21

0.004

6.1

5

9.5

12

0.378

 Other

2.2

6

2.2

2

7.4

2

1.3

2

0.128

2.7

2

2.0

4

0.730

0.0

0

1.6

2

0.252

Clinical effects

 Vomiting

20.3

56

20.7

19

29.6

8

18.5

29

0.410

24.7

18

17.9

35

0.212

1.2

1

33.3

42

<0.001

 Dizziness

14.5

40

7.6

7

25.9

7

16.6

26

0.032

21.9

16

12.2

24

0.047

1.2

1

27.8

35

<0.001

 Nausea

13.8

38

8.7

8

22.2

6

15.4

24

0.139

17.8

13

11.8

23

0.199

1.2

1

28.6

36

<0.001

 Throat Conditions

9.1

25

6.5

6

18.5

5

8.9

14

0.161

9.6

7

7.1

14

0.506

6.1

5

15.1

19

0.048

 Abdominal Conditio

6.2

17

5.4

5

7.4

2

6.4

10

0.919

9.6

7

5.1

10

0.179

1.2

1

10.3

13

0.010

 Eye Conditions

5.1

14

1.1

1

0.0

0

8.3

13

0.020

0.0

0

7.1

14

0.019

2.4

2

7.1

9

0.139

 Headache

4.0

11

0.0

0

11.1

3

5.1

8

0.019

6.9

5

3.1

6

0.163

1.2

1

7.9

10

0.034

 Diarrhoea

2.9

8

0.0

0

7.4

2

3.8

6

0.075

6.9

5

1.5

3

0.022

0.0

1

4.8

6

0.045

 Breathing Conditions

2.9

8

2.2

2

7.4

2

2.6

4

0.334

8.2

6

1.0

2

0.002

0.0

0

5.6

7

0.030

 Tremor

1.4

4

0.0

0

0.0

0

3.2

4

0.215

4.1

3

0.5

1

0.030

0.0

0

3.2

4

0.103

 Other

27.3

75

20.9

19

33.3

9

29.9

47

0.230

38.4

28

23.1

45

0.012

3.7

3

42.9

54

<0.001

Clinical outcome

 No effect

53.8

112

56.9

37

30.4

7

31.7

38

0.002

18.4

9

48.3

71

<0.001

.

.

.

.

 

 Effect

45.7

96

43.1

28

69.6

16

68.3

82

81.6

40

51.7

76

     

 Minor effect

39.4

82

38.5

25

52.2

12

62.5

75

81.6

40

51.7

76

.

.

.

.

 

 Moderate/Major effect

6.3

14

4.6

3

17.4

4

5.8

7

0.0

0

0.0

0

.

.

.

.

 
  1. The numbers in bold are significant with a p-value at least <0.05 as defined through Chi-squared tests
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Tobacco Induced Diseases

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